This paper provides background information and a discussion of issues related to: (1) trends in achievement test scores in elementary and secondary education; (2) trends in Federal aid to education at that level; and (3) possible direct and indirect relationships between the achievement test score trends and Federal programs.,Introduction -- Recent Trends in Achievement Test Scores -- Trends in Funding for, and Participation in, Federal Programs of Aid for Elementary and Secondary Education -- Discussion of the Direct Impact of Federal Aid to Elementary and Secondary Education: Relationships of Achievement Test Scores and Federal Program Participation -- Discussion of Possible Indirect Effects of Federal Assistance on Achievement in Elementary and Secondary Education,CRS 84-627 EPW,"May 3, 1984.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

This paper provides a summary and an analysis of issues related to two programs added to the Higher Education Act which authorize assistance to experienced elementary and secondary school teachers and college students preparing to become teachers.,CRS 84-827 EPW,"November 5, 1984.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

The Education Amendments of 1984 extends and amends a variety of Federal education programs and would establish other new Federal education activities. This paper provides a summary and analysis of these amendments including provisions regarding the adult education, bilingual education, impact aid, women's educational equity, Indian education, emergency immigrant education, and higher education student financial assistance programs.,Abstract -- Introduction -- Adult Education (Title I) -- Bilingual Education (Title II) -- Impact Aid (Title III) -- Women's Educational Equity (Title IV) -- Indian Education (Title V) -- Emergency Immigrant Education (Title VI) -- General Administration and Organization (Title VIII) - Including Student Financial Assistance, Office of Migrant Education, and Conflict-of-Interest Provisions.,CRS 84-769 EPW,"October 25, 1984.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Proposals to authorize Federal aid for the education of disadvantaged children in the form of vouchers have been made in the past by the Reagan Administration and others, and Secretary of Education William Bennett has recently been attracting new attention to the concept. This paper provides background on the voucher concept, an analysis of existing proposals, and pro/con arguments regarding vouchers for the education of the disadvantaged.,Introduction -- Background. The General Concept ; Past "Voucher-Like" Programs -- The Specific Concept of Chapter 1 Vouchers -- Earlier Administration Proposal -- Pro and Con Arguments -- Possible Alternatives to Both Chapter 1 Vouchers and the Current Program.,CRS 85-985 EPW,"October 4, 1985.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Issues regarding the quality and structure of public secondary education have recently attracted substantial public and legislative attention in the U.S. as well as several foreign nations. This paper provides an overview of the secondary education structure in the U.S., England, France, Japan, the Soviet Union, and West Germany, with a discussion of major issues and recent developments.,Introduction -- Overview (including Discussion of the United States' System) -- England -- France -- Japan. Formation of Ad Hoc Advisory Council on Education Reform -- Soviet Union. Recently-adopted School Reform Plan -- West Germany -- Concluding Discussion. Comparative System Chart -- References.,Wayne Riddle, Education and Public Welfare Division.,CRS 84-770,"October 9, 1984.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Between 1979 and 1983, the propotion of children aged 5-17 in the United States who were in poverty families rose from 15.3 percent to 21.3 percent, falling to 20.3 percent in 1984. This report examines the possible implications of this trend for the Federal program of compensatory education for educationally disadvantaged children under chapter 1, Education Consolidation and Improvement Act. Specific topics discussed include the correlation of poverty and educational disadvantage, the specific effects of poverty concentration and duration on educational achievement, and a comparison of trends in chapter 1 participation with those in the number of poverty children.,Abstract -- Introduction -- Relationships Between Child Poverty and Chapter 1, Education Consolidation and Improvement Act -- Correlation of Poverty with Educational Disadvantage. General Consolidations ; Summary of Research Findings ; Findings of Individual Major Reports ; Sustaining Effects Study, Final Report and Technical Report Number 20 (1983 and 1982, respectively) ; National Institute of Education Compensatory Education Study (1977) ; Synthesis of Correlation Studies by Karl White (1982) ; Analyses of the Relationship Between Poverty Concentration and Educational Disadvantage ; Relationship Between the Duration of Poverty and Educational Disadvantage -- Possible Implications of Recent Child Poverty Trends for Chapter 1 Programs,Wayne C. Riddle, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 86-773 EPW,"July 10, 1986.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

This paper provides a discussion of the range of meanings for the concept of "Secular humanism," as applied to the curriculum of elementary and secondary schools. Included is an outline of Federal education legislation in which this term has been used.,Abstract -- Alternative Perspectives on the Meaning of "Secular Humanism". "Secular Humanism" as "Scheme" ; "Secular Humanism" as "Unintended Consequence" ; "Secular Humanism" as "Religion" -- The Topic of "Secular Humanism" in Federal Education Legislation. Education Amendments of 1976 ; Education for Economic Security Act (1984) ; The "Protection of Pupil Rights" or "Hatch" Amendment.,Wayne Riddle, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 86-545 EPW,"January 31, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Since 1966, the Department of Education's State agency program for the neglected or delinquent has provided supplementary educational services to this group of educationally disadvantaged children and youth. This paper provides a legislative history, funding history, and a discussion and analysis of evaluations of this program.,Wayne Riddle, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division.,CRS 85-789 EPW,"June 12, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

The 100th Congress is scheduled to consider legislation to reauthorize the Federal program of aid for the education of disadvantaged children, under chapter 1 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act. This report provides a discussion of a number of possible options for amendment of chapter 1.,Abstract -- Outline of Selected Chapter 1 LEA Grant Reauthorization Options Discussed in this Report -- How Services are Delivered -- What Services are Delivered -- Who is Served -- How Resources are Allocated.,Wayne Riddle, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 86-1032 EPW,"December 12, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

The Reagan Administration has recently renewed its proposal to authorize Federal aid for the education of disadvantaged children (Chapter 1, Education Consolidation and Improvement Act) in the form of vouchers, this time proposing that the parents of all children served by the program have this option available to them. This paper provides background on the voucher concept, an analysis of existing proposals, and pro/con arguments regarding vouchers for the education of the disadvantaged, plus a discussion of possible alternatives

Wayne Riddle, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division.,CRS 85-596 EPW,"February 28, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This report delineates in detail the provisions of the Higher Education Amendments of 1986 (P.L. 99-498), the major piece of legislation reauthorizing the Higher Education Act of 1965 (P.L. 89-329, as amended) through FY 1991. Additional titles of Higher Education Amendments of 1986 are discussed that add authorities and amend legislation other than the Higher Education Act.

In its proposed amendments to the Federal program for the education of disadvantaged children, under chapter 1 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act, the Reagan Administration has recommended that a 2 percent "absorption factor" be applied to the allocation of funds. Thus, children counted for the distribution of basic grants would be considered only to the extent that they exceed 2 percent of a county's total school-age population. This report provides an analysis of the effects of this proposed formula change.