CRS 84-767,"October 5, 1984.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

The Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982 provided for reinstitution of a Federal airport improvement program. This report discusses the major features of this program and experience with it to date. The report also discusses major issues that may affect the program in the future.,Abstract -- Introduction -- Program Structure -- Program Authorizations and Appropriations -- Program Grants -- Major Issues. Air Traffic Control System Modernization ; Defederalization ; Legislative Designation of Airports for Priority Consideration -- Summary.,CRS 84-701 E,"July 20, 1984.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

This compilation presents editorials printed between August 3 and October 11, 1984 on farm income and debt. The editorials represent all those appearing on that subject in 100 newspapers monitored by the Congressional Research Service. The editorials are arranged by region to illustrate the concerns and responses in various parts of the country, and chronologically within each region.,Abstract -- Map of Regions -- List of Newspapers -- Editorials by Region. New England ; Middle Atlantic ; Midwest ; Plains ; South ; Southwest ; Pacific.,CRS 84-808,"November 6, 1984.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

This paper addresses some of the issues which may be critical to improving the long-term competitiveness of selected industries in light of concerns raised in the trade debate. The focus is on the enhancement of technological development. The industries which are discussed briefly include steel, advanced materials, semiconductors, and fiber optics.,CRS 87-345 SPR,"March 11, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

As in prior years, there are before the 100th Congress two bills, S. 557 and H.R. 1214, designed to "restore the ... broad institution-wide application" of certain federal civil rights laws in the wake of the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Grove City College v. Bell.,CRS 87-338 A,"April 10, 1987.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

International trade may consist of goods and services. This table shows the value of merchandise historically traded between the United States and Japan as collected by the Bureau of the Census, from original documentation processed by the Customs Service. The balance of trade reflects the surplus or deficit resulting from a comparison of a country's exports and imports of merchandise only. The balance of trade does not include other items such as services and capital movements which are accounted for in the balance of payments.,CRS 87-304 E,"April 7, 1987.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

CRS 85-903,"August 7, 1985.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

CRS 86-1000 A,"October 21, 1986.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

The inclusion of vocational education as a component in some of the recent legislative initiatives related to American trade competitiveness is analyzed. The proposals are described, and sponsors' statements summarized. The history of vocational education, studies of its effectiveness, and its role in current recommendations to reform the American educational system are reviewed as they might relate to current trade problems.,Abstract -- Trade Proposals for Vocational Education. HR 90, as Introduced ; S 406, as Introduced ; Administration's 1987 Trade Proposal ; HR 4800 (99th Congress), as Passed by the House -- Summary of Supporting Statements -- The Role of Vocational Education in Trade. Education and Training in Trade ; Federal Vocational Education Programs ; Effectiveness of Vocational Education Programs ; Educational Reform and Vocational Education -- Summary and Conclusion.,CRS 87-340 EPW,"April 17, 1987.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Homelessness is not a new problem in many large American cities, but the issue recently has become more visible and has caught the attention of Federal officials and lawmakers. This report provides an overview of the problem and discusses existing Government efforts and pending legislation.,Abstract -- Overview of Problem -- Recent Federal Initiatives. Federal Interagency Task Force on Food and Shelter for Homeless ; HUD Study on Homeless and Emergency Shelters ; Recently Enacted Legislation -- Potential Sources of Federal Assistance. commodity Food Distribution ; Community Development Block Grant Program ; Community Services Block Grants ; community Support Program ; Emergency Assistance to Needy Families With Children ; Social Services Block Grants -- Pending Legislation -- Additional Sources. Books, Pamphlets, Documents, Etc. ; Articles ; CRS Information Products.,CRS 84-766 EPW,"September 14, 1984.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

This report assesses whether increased losses of liability insurers may be due in part to expanded tort-law interpretations in the field of environmental pollution. It concludes that there has indeed been such an expansion in recent decades, but numerous other factors may also be contributing to the claimed liability insurance crisis.,CRS 86-1003 A,"November 13, 1986.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

In April 1984 the House of Representatives passed the Tax Reform Act of 1984 (H.R. 4170) and the Senate its Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 (an amendment to H.R. 2163, a bill to amend the Federal Boat Safety Act of 1971), both of which provide for the continuation of the excise tax on telephone service at its 3-percent rate for an additional two years, through 1987. This action was deemed appropriate by congress in light of the large existing budgetary deficits. nThis paper presents an overall view of the Federal excise tax on telephone service. A description of the history of this tax and revenue collections are followed by an explanation to clarify the relationship of this tax to the U.S. actions in Vietnam during the 1960s and 1970s. Finally, this paper concludes with the principal arguments made by proponents for continuation of the tax and the opponents of the tax who support repeal.,Abstract ; Current Law and History ; Revenue Effects ; Clarification of the Role of the Telephone Excise Tax and U.S. Action in Vietnam ; Summaries of the Principal Arguments for and Against the Repeal or Continuation of the Federal Excise Tax on Telephone Service.,CRS 84-641 E,"May 16, 1984.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

After nearly three years of economic expansion, there has been widespread failure across manufacturing industries and regions to fully recoup their precession employment levels. Even if each manufacturing industry eventually recovers all its jobs losses in the same regions in which the lay offs occurred -- a very unlikely assumption -- dislocated workers probably will be unable to await their recall by former employers; instead, they will have to take new jobs in different industries, occupations, or areas. While the greater availability of jobs since the recovery began has enabled a majority of dislocated workers to be reemployed, dislocated workers today represent about 1 out of every 10 employed workers.,CRS 85-860 E,"July 24, 1985.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

CRS 87-323 E,"April 9, 1987.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

The Census Bureau's report for fiscal year 1983 showed 32 States with a total of $7.4 billion from severance tax collections. Our compilation also includes seven States which use the same tax base, i.e., the unit or value of natural resources extracted, within a broad tax of general application. Eleven States do not levy a State severance tax or any other levy on the unit of value of natural resources extracted.,CRS 84-723 E,"August 21, 1984.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Since 1973, Federal Medicaid funds have been used to help support services for institutionalized mentally retarded persons. Legislation has been introduced in the 99th Congress that would transfer most of these funds out of the institutions and make this funding available for community -based services. Advocates of the legislation believe that community -based services are preferable to institutional services, but some parents of institutionalized persons feel that the larger residential facilities are a necessary part of the service system.,CRS 85-998 EPW,"October 18, 1985.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

This report analyzes and compares trends in the growth of real GNP and real output in manufacturing and basic manufacturing in the Unites States between 1950 and 1982. As a corollary, the report also looks at trends in the real output growth of six basic manufacturing industries in the same period: primary metals, motor vehicles and equipment, textile mill products, paper and allied products, chemicals and allied products, and rubber and miscellaneous plastic products. The results indicate, among other things, that (1) manufacturing is not in imminent danger of disappearing, as some proponents of the "deindustrialization" thesis seem to believe, (2) since the mid-1970s, basic manufacturing at once is contributing less and less to national income and continues to be greatly influenced by changes in national income, and (3) it can be misleading to treat all basic American manufacturing industries as though they constitute a homogeneous sector facing the same competitive challenges and commercial opportunities.,CRS 84-597 E,"April 10, 1984.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

This paper surveys the recent experience of States and European countries with tax amnesty programs. The introductory section reflects the surge of interest in providing a Federal program of similar scope to some of the State tax amnesty programs already offered with quotes from Members of Congress and the Administration. A brief history of prior Federal involvement with tax amnesty programs follows. nGeneral observations pertaining to the State programs, along with what appear to be certain keys to success for State programs, is followed by a more detailed summary of each of the eight State programs held to date. The information gathered for this section was obtained from interviews held with State officials. nThe final section discusses the experience of European tax amnesty programs in France, Italy, and Belgium and concludes with possible lessons the United States might draw from them.,CRS 84-603 E,"April 13, 1984.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

This report is concerned with the definition of "independent expenditure." Any analysis of the provision in S. 1806 (Sen. Boren, 99th Congress) that would amend the definition of "independent expenditure" is made. An examination of the legislative history of the FECA Amendments of 1976 concerning the meaning of an independent expenditure is made.,CRS 86-1016 A,"March 11, 1986.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

In recent years, the incidence of people employed part-time who want full-time work and people holding more than one job has risen. One popular belief relates these trends to worker displacement; that is, dislocated workers formerly employed in fairly high-paying, full-time jobs may be "forced" to take part-time jobs or to hold two jobs to earn as much as they had previously. To date, the data do not appear to confirm this association.,Abstract -- Dislocated Workers. Basis for a Relationship -- Involuntary Part-Time Employment. Failure to Find Full-Time Work ; Dislocated Workers Hypothesis -- Moonlighting. Dislocated Worker Hypothesis -- Summary and Conclusions.,Linda LeGrande, Specialist in Labor Economics, Economics Division,CRS 86-778 E,"October 24, 1986.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3