Life care communities are designed for elderly persons and provide housing, nursing home care, and a range of services, usually for the remainder of the resident's life. This paper describes life care communities, discusses some demographic characteristics of life care residents, and summarizes financial arrangements and pricing policies used by life care providers. It also discusses problems that have risen in some life care communities, and Federal and State legislative and other Federal activities related to life care communities.,Abstract -- Introduction -- Characteristics of Life Care Communities -- Characteristics of Residents -- Fees and Related Federal Tax Provisions -- Financial Management, Operating Practices, and Issues -- State and Federal Legislation -- Summary -- Bibliography.,CRS 85-1127 EPW,"December 23, 1985.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Balanced Budget and Deficit Reduction Act (commonly known as Gramm-Rudman) calls for a balanced Federal budget by 1991. This Editorial Commentary looks at how Federal spending reductions may be achieved. It also includes comments on how the process for providing automatic budget reductions will effect the balance of power between the executive and legislative branches in the years when Congress cannot agree. nThe Editorial Commentary is divided into two sections. The first contains newspaper articles focusing on the passage of Gramm-Rudman and its impact. The second includes editorials selected from the editorial collection maintained by Library Services Division. Both sections are arranged in reverse chronological order.,CRS 85-1131 L,"January 1986.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

This paper presents an analysis of the current teacher workforce and the factors that affect teacher quality. Issues discussed include teacher labor market trends, teacher preparation and recommendations for change, recruitment and selection factors, and attrition and retention rates. Final comments address Federal policy options in this area.,The Teaching Workforce: Selected Demographic Characteristics -- Teacher Supply and Demand. Regional and Subject Area Shortages -- Teacher Quality. Recruitment and Selection Factors ; Retention and Attrition Rates ; Teacher Preparation ; Change in Education Programs -- Conclusion -- Federal Policy Options.,CRS 83-577 S,"November 7, 1983.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Specific groups in the Nation's work force experience employment difficulties even in good economic times. The Labor Section of the Economics Division in the Congressional Research Service in analyzing labor market problems of these groups which include youth, women, older workers, adult nonwhites, Hispanics, and dislocated workers. This overview report summarizes the principal labor market characteristics and problems of these groups. A separate report focusing on dislocated workers is available and individual reports on other groups are in preparation.,Introduction -- Youth -- Women -- Adult Nonwhites -- Hispanics -- Older Workers -- Dislocated Workers -- Geographical and Skill Mismatch -- Education and Work.,CRS 83-631 E,"December 19, 1983.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Pursuant to P.L 88-246, the Congressional Research Service has compiled a preliminary, annotated bibliography on the 1984-85 National High School Debate topic - "How Can the Federal Government Best Decrease Poverty in the United States?": nResolved: that the Federal Government should guarantee a minimum annual cash income to all United States citizens. nResolved: that the Federal Government should adopt a negative income tax to assist all United States citizens living in poverty. nResolved: that the Federal Government should provide employment for all employable United States citizens living in poverty. nThis bibliography is designed to facilitate early research preparation for the debators by providing pertinent citations to materials related to the topic and propositions.,Abstract -- General Background Sources -- Debate Proposition One: That the Federal Government Should Guarantee a Minimum Annual Cash Income to All United States Citizens -- Debate Proposition Two: That the Federal Government Should Adopt a Negative Income Tax to Assist All United States Citizens Living in Poverty -- Debate Proposition Three: That the Federal Government Should Provide Employment for All Employable United States Citizens Living in Property.,Marsha Cerny, Senior Bibliographer, Library Services Division, and Joe Richardson, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division.,CRS 84-49 EPW,"March 23, 1984.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

In 1981 President Reagan instituted a strategy for economic revitalization which was a major departure from the economic policies followed by previous administrations. In essence, the program sought to reduce substantially the economic burdens of Government spending, taxation, and regulation in order to create an economic environment that would reduce inflation and interest rates, revive incentives for Americans to work harder, spur greater savings, and revive and greatly increase business investment. This paper reviews and analyzes the results of the Reagan Administration's economic strategy thus far.

The Emergency School Aid Act (ESAA) was the primary source of Federal financial assistance supporting school districts' desegregation efforts until its repeal in 1982. Its activities were included in an education block grant. This paper reviews the provisions of ESAA prior to its repeal, delineates the impact of its repeal and consolidation in the block grant, and describes current legislative action seeking to reestablish ESAA in a modified form.

This report summarizes basic eligibility rules, as of May 1983, for more than 70 cash and non-cash programs that benefit primarily persons of limited income. It also gives funding formulas, benefit levels, and, for fiscal years 1979-1981, recipient numbers and expenditure data for each program.,CRS 83-110 EPW,"June 6, 1983.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

The status of past and present research into psi phenomena, including extrasensory perception (ESP) and psychokinesis (PK), is reviewed and summarized. It is concluded that at present, the psi research community is minimally funded, diffuse in nature, largely unstructured, and somewhat hesitant with regard to research methodologies. Nonetheless, progress is being made slowly to better understand the nature and potential of psi phenomena. Effective realization of the potentials or pitfalls of psi will require an open, humanistic perspective as well as the rigor and scientific discipline provided by conventional research tradition.,Abstract -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction. Purpose ; Congressional Concerns ; Nomenclature and Definitions ; History -- Present Status of Psi Research. Research Patterns in the United States ; Funding for Psi Research ; Psi Research in Foreign Countries -- Theory -- Public and Scientific Perceptions of Psi Research. Criticism of Psi Research ; The Positive Side -- Possible Implications for Government and Society -- Closing Remarks -- Appendix A: A Brief List of Recommended Readings in Parapsychology -- Appendix B: Further References on Psi from Jahn.,Christopher H. Dodge, Specialist in Life Sciences, Science Policy Research Division.,CRS 83-511 SP,"June 2, 1983.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

The Federal tax on corporate profits has been in effect since 1909, but controversy continues to surround the tax despite its long history. Indeed, the very existence of a corporate income tax has been questioned by some and defended by others. In the area of economic analysis, there has been a degree of uncertainty about the effects of the tax. However, economists generally agree that in the long run the tax is not borne exclusively by the owners of corporate capital, and that the tax results in a certain loss in economic efficiency. All effects aside, the size of the corporate income tax has diminished over the past 30 years. Receipts from the tax have fallen, as have the average and marginal effective tax rates.

This paper analyzes Supreme Court decisions in the area of gender discrimination from both a constitutional and statutory perspective. These decisions reveal the development and clarification of judicial interpretation with respect to sex-based discrimination.,Kathy L. DiPippa, Legislation Research Assistant; Karen J. Lewis, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division.,CRS 84-151 A,"August 3, 1977.","Updated August 1984.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Enacted in 1946, the National School Lunch Act currently provides Federal assistance to support the costs of nearly 4 billion lunches for approximately 23 million school children. This paper provides a brief description and legislative history of the school lunch program and includes historical data on its growth in funding and participation.,Abstract -- Program Description -- Brief Legislation and Data History. Income Eligibility ; Reimbursement Rates -- Table 1: National School Lunch Program: Children Participating, Selected Years 1947-1983 -- Table 2: Poverty Guidelines and Income Eligibility, 1971-1984 -- Table 3: School Lunch Reimbursement Rates, 1972-1984 -- Table 4: Federal Cash Assistance for the National School Lunch Program, 1947-1984.,CRS 83-539 EPW,"January 25, 1983.","Updated July 25, 1983.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

American higher education is confronted with interactive challenges related to demographics, a reduced rate of economic growth, increased private sector cooperation, and rising demands from other social services. These developments will impact on institutional enrollment, role and mission, and fiscal support, as well as possible Federal options.,Background -- Enrollment Trends -- Status of Institutions -- Faculty Issues -- Institutional Purpose -- Student Aid -- Institutional Support -- Private Support and Cooperation -- Federal Role.,CRS 83-522 S,"June 21, 1983.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Financial developments in the 1980s have resulted in new ownership arrangements for depository financial institutions as well as new forms of interstate deposit-taking arrangements. Considerable interest exists in the pervasiveness of these arrangements. This report provides selected lists of corporate ownership of depository financial institutions and interstate banking in order to suggest the extent to which various forms of innovations have occurred and the firms involved; the listings are not necessarily comprehensive.,Abstract -- Introduction -- Ownership of Nonbank Banks - Appendix to Federal Reserve testimony before the Senate Banking Committee, March 27, 1984 -- Interstate Banking by Banks and Thrift Institutions - Excerpts from the American Banker, April 3 and 4, 1984 -- Savings and Loan Holding Companies - Excerpts from the American Banker, November 14, 1983 -- Divestiture Under Various Possible Statutory Changes - Attachment to testimony of the American Bankers Association before a Subcommittee of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, April 5, 1984.,F. Jean Wells, Specialist in Money and Banking, Economics Division.,CRS 84-105 E,"June 1, 1984.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Introduction -- Industrial Compliance. Extending BEJ permits ; BAT modification -- Industrial Pretreatment. Integrated facilities -- Water Quality Standards. Earlier problems with the standards process ; Comments on EPA's 1982 proposal ; Need for legislation ; Beyond BAT -- Nonpoint Source Pollution. Targeted studies are needed ; Problems cited ; Federal-State-local issues -- Chesapeake Bay, Narragansett Bay -- Federal Common Law. Reinstating the Federal common law of nuisance ; State common law -- Appendix - List of Witnesses.,Claudia Copeland, Specialist, Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division.,CRS 83-589 ENR,"June 10, 1983.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

An annotated guide to publications and other sources of information useful to Members of Congress and their staffs, covering congressional office management, the organization and operation of Congress, legislative responsibilities, services to constituents, and other duties of Congress.,Rozanne M. Barry, Resources Development Specialist, Congressional Reference Division. Revised by Ruthann Ovenshire, Reference Specialist, Congressional Reference Division.,CRS 84-218 C,"March 1968.","Latest Revision December 1984.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

The Federal Government provides financial assistance to individuals enrolled in, or accepted for enrollment in institutions of higher education. This assistance flows through many programs and takes the form of loans, grants and work. In this CRS Guide to Selected Federal Assistance Programs for Undergraduate Students, 10 programs, administered by various Federal agencies, are briefly described.,Jim Stedman, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division, and Marcia Scott, Analyst in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division, Updated by David Osman, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division.,CRS 84-197 EPW,"Updated November 15, 1984.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

This paper presents a series of electric demand and capacity forecasts. These indicate no serious regional imbalance through 1990, but a need for additional capacity by 2000. The effects of economic and physical obsolescence as well as small vs. large plants are also discussed. In any case, much of the deficit could be covered by "lease-cost" methods.,Alvin Kaufman, Senior Specialist in Regulatory Economics, and Karen K. Nelson, Senior Research Assistant, Office of Senior Specialists,CRS 83-558 S,"August 31, 1983.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3,The report scanned is missing page 27, and pages 8 and 9 are reversed.

The May 1983 issue of Fortune magazine lists the 500 largest industrial corporations in the United States, ranked according to their sales in 1982. This Report lists the Fortune 500 companies and provides the headquarters address, the address of a corporate office in the Washington, D.C., area if there is one, the telephone numbers for these offices, the names of chief corporate officers, and an abbreviated industry code, which represents the company's principal activity.,CRS 83-104 C,"May 23, 1983.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

A ms. containing 90 p. of Italian phrases with English translations followed by 30 p. of Italian poetry, etc. Memorandum is [3] p. tête-bêche at end of the manuscript detailing a 3 squadrons of ships and their voyage Apr.-May 1626? in English.,Binder's title.,Signed at end: Giovanni Aurelio, notario publico de Londra.,On front fly-leaf in ms.: Questo libro appartene a mi Carlo Longland, April XXI, 1626. Affixed with a seal in red wax possibly of a lion rampant, without a name.,Longland, Charles, died in Florence in 1688 English merchant set up business as a factor at Leghorn (Livorno) Italy ca. 1651 assisted with England's Mediterranean policies under Cromwell and after the Restoration.,,,