Julian Pettengill, Specialist in Social Legislation and Joseph A. Cislowski, Analyst in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division.,CRS 86-598 EPW,"March 11, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This paper analyzes recent evaluations of local school district programs serving limited-English-proficient (LEP) students in the U.S. It discusses the purpose and background of the Bilingual Education Act, describes the Basic Demonstration Projects under this Act, chronicles how the scope of the Federal program has expanded, defines the various instructional approaches for teaching LEP students, and presents the major findings of recent evaluations regarding the effectiveness of various types of local programs serving LEP students. The related research on second-language learning and bilingualism is also synthesized.,Abstract -- Background. Basic Projects ; Demonstration Projects ; Expanded Scope of the Federal Bilingual Education Program ; Characteristics of LEP Students -- Alternative Instructional Approaches to Bilingual Education. English as a Second Language ; Immersion ; Transitional Bilingual Education -- Effectiveness of Basic and Demonstration Projects. American Institutes of Research Study ; Department of Education Literature Review ; NCBR Synthesis of Bilingual Education Program Evaluations ; Willig's Synthesis of Bilingual Education Program Evaluations ; Teaching Reading to Bilingual Children Study -- Effectiveness of Immersion Programs with Low-Income, Language-Minority Students in the United States -- Related Research on Second-Language Learning -- Summary.,Rick Holland, Analyst in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division.,CRS 86-611 EPW,"March 18, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

CRS 87-371 L,"April 24, 1987.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

This reading list presents information on the Department of Defense, various Defense Department reorganization proposals and considers likely changes in the defense establishment. It includes a section on the Joint Chief of Staff which presents recent assessments of JCS reform efforts.,Defense Department: General Materials -- Defense Organization and Reorganization Proposals -- Joint Chiefs of Staff Organization.,Sherry B. Shapiro, Senior Bibliographer, Foreign Affairs, Library Services Division,CRS 87-381 L," April 1987.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

The special supplemental food program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) provides monthly food supplements to low-income pregnant and postpartum women, and infants and children who are determined to be at health risk because of nutrition-related problems. Created in 1972, this food program was designed to blend the nutritious benefits of food with health care during critical times of growth and development. This report describes the program and its history and evolution. It also provides current and historical data on funding and participation.,CRS 86-794 EPW,"May 11, 1982.","Updated July 23, 1986.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

The United States Government is the world's largest debtor. It owes nearly $2 trillion and is borrowing more at a rate of approximately $200 billion a year. This report explains the basics of how the Government goes about borrowing these sums.,Abstract -- Introduction -- The Auction Process and Competitive Determination of Interest Rates -- Bills, Bonds, and Notes -- Savings Bonds, Government Accounts, and Non-Negotiable Securities -- Agency Issues and the Federal Financing Bank -- Tax Treatment -- Innovations -- Borrowing from the Federal Reserve and Non-Interest Bearing Debt -- Conclusion.,Thomas Woodward, Analyst in Public Finance, Economics Division.,CRS 85-762 E,"May 28, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This paper describes the conditions under which employees of State and local governments are covered by social security and medicare.,David Koitz, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division.,Updated by Geoffrey Kollmann, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division.,CRS 86-756 EPW,"September 6, 1985.",Updated "July 7, 1986.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

This paper provides a title-by-title comparison and contrast of major current law provisions of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (PL 89-329), as amended, with thos of the reauthorizing legislation as passed by the House on December 4, 1985 and by the Senate on June 3, 1986: HR 3700, the Higher Education Amendments of 1985 and S. 1965, the Higher Education Amendments of 1986. After the Senate passed S. 1965, the House passed S. 1965 amended with the language of H.R. 3700 as passed by the House. nnThose who have contributed to this report want to express their appreciation to Nan Hill for her exceptional editorial skills and perseverance in preparing this report.,David S. Osman, Specialist in Education, Susan Boren, Specialist in Education, Charlotte Fraas, Specialist in Social Legislation, Paul M. Irwin, Specialist in Education, K. Forbis Jordan, Senior Specialist in Education, Wayne C. Riddle, Specialist in Education, James Stedman, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division.,CRS 86-745 EPW,"June 26, 1986.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Charles V. Dale, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division,CRS 86-809 A,"July 23, 1986.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

This paper describes the application of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, P.L. 99-177, popularity called "Gramm-Rudman-Hollings," to programs administered by the Department of Education, particularly, it will focus on provisions establishing "emergency powers to eliminate deficits in excess of maximum deficit amounts." All of the programs within the Department's jurisdiction are subject to the automatic spending reduction provisions of this law. Two programs are subject to special treatment, the Guaranteed Student Loan and the Vocational Rehabilitation State grant program. The remaining programs are subject to a uniform percentage reduction, estimated to be 4.3 percent for FY 1986.,CRS 86-544 EPW,"February 3, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3