JM-089: Cartoons of the day

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Editorial cartoon depicting three panels, each one containing a different cartoon. In the first panel, General Crowder directs men over draft age into either a door marked "U.S. Fighters" or "Useful work." In the second panel, men toss hands and smile at sign with "Commander Pellegrini's raid in the Austrian naval base" displayed. In the last panel, a man representing the U.S. remarks on how the 10,000 tons of ships built each day in the U.S. will beat the U-boats.

JM-177: Winning the war

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The cartoon depicts the personified Germany crawling his way across Europe during WWI, representing Germany's military advances during the war. The top left panel is captioned, "words won't win the war". This meant words could not be used to cause the German surrender. The top right panel is captioned, "wishes won't win the war". The panel shows Americans watching Germany from across the Atlantic, wishing the German people would overthrow Kaiser Wilhelm II. The middle-left panel shows those same Americans shouting in outrage at the Germans over American deaths from the war. The panel is captioned, "wrath won't win the war". The middle-right panel shows Americans displaying the vast wealth available for a war effort. The panel is captioned, "wealth won't the war". The bottom panel shows the Germans finally being stopped after being hit with the butt of a gun. The panel is captioned, "But wallops will win the war!". This cartoon suggests aggressive force was the only way for the United States to defeat Germany in WWI. This cartoon was created in 1917, and the US official participation in WWI was from 1916-1917. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

JM-182: The new income tax

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This cartoon depicts a man being irritated with the high income tax rates in the United States. The man suggests the reason for the increased taxes is the fact the the United States is currently fighting in World War I. The man continues to complain about the income tax until he passes a group of soldiers. The man realizes his financial sacrifice is less than that being made by the men serving in the military. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

JM-166: Two unpopular Europeans

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This cartoon shows two European men in World War I. The first man (in the top panel) is slumping his shoulders and tries to avoid attention. He is refusing to enlist the the military, unlike the other men in his country. The caption for the top panel reads, "The man who won't enlist for his country during the war". The second man (in the bottom panel) is proudly walking past a group of women, including women who were widowed in World War I. The bottom panel is captioned, "The man who won't marry for his country after the war". Instead of getting married to help begin rebuilding society, this man proudly presents himself as a bachelor. These two men are "unpopular", because they do not conform with the sense of duty and sacrifice that was developed in Europe during and after World War I. Sacrificing oneself for one's country was seen as an honorable and moral action during this time period. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

JM-167: Two crimes

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This cartoon depicts the Lusitania, an American ocean liner destroyed by German naval forces in World War I on May 7, 1915. The ship was carrying American passengers and ammunition intended for the British armed forces. The top panel of the cartoon features the periscope of the German submarine spying on the Lusitania. Eventually the German submarine fired a torpedo, which killed 1,198 passengers aboard the ship. The bottom panel of the cartoon shows the 173 tons of ammunition carried on board the Lusitania and the innocent, most likely unaware passengers standing above it. The sinking of the Lusitania caused international outrage, but blame for the attack was passed back and forth between various parties. Many, particularly those in Great Britain, blamed the Germans who committed this attack. Others blamed the United States and the passengers, who ignored Germany's repeated warning that any ship attempting to enter Great Britain would be subject to attack. Many, including journalists for the Chicago Tribune, claimed Great Britain was responsible for this tragedy. Great Britain had placed immense pressure on the United States to deliver arms, and the British government assured the Lusitania it would be protected from German attack. The Chicago Tribune featured an entire article placing responsibility for the sinking of the Lusitania on Great Britain. After detailing Great Britain's interest in the Lusitania, the author of the article wrote, "England and England alone is to be held responsible for the loss of life because England lured Americans to death, hoping that the presence of Americans would protect the ship against German attack." (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

JM-185: Tag day

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This cartoon depicts two people asking for money. The top panel shows a woman collecting money for the poor and destitute on Tag Day. Tag Day is a day where people will collect money for a charity, and donors will receive a tag showing they donated. The caption for this panel says to remember the children of the poor when being ask the give. The bottom panel shows an officer asking the same man to purchase a liberty loan subscription. These were bonds distributed by the government that were used to support the war effort. In 1917, the United States was a member of the Allied Powers in World War I, which included France, England, Italy, etc. The This panel is captioned, "Don't forget your own children when you are asked to subscribe for Liberty bonds". The man is more skeptical of this purchase than of his donation on Tag Day. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

JM-183: Cartoonical miscellany

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Editorial cartoon depicting three different panels. The top one shows American soldiers fighting against German forces in World War I. The middle panel shows a man sitting in a chair with a horn blast blown by a soldier and the breeze begins to melt the man's frozen feet. The draft refers to the Selective Service Act of 1917, which forced men to enlist for military service. The bottom panel shows May leaving and June entering; a man sits at a desk writing an oration on "How to settle the war"; a man and a woman get married. June is the month in which two of the three registrations for the Selective Service Act of 1917 occurred. Students and married men also were given lower preference to draft in 1917. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

JM-178: Pan-Germany is swiftly becoming panicy Germany

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This cartoon depicts a man who has been affected by news of combat in World War I. In the left panel, "Pan-Germany" is confident about his ability to win the war. Pan-Germany is a concept that stems from the ideology of Pan-Germanism. It is a school of thought, which believes all ethnic Germans and German-speaking people should be united under one state, Pan-Germany. While Pan-Germany was never a real state, Germanic peoples still shared a similar language and culture. In the right panel, Germany quickly becomes alarmed as news of Ally victory comes to his desk. Although Pan-Germany was confident of his ability to win World War I, he did not anticipate the United States becoming a serious threat to the war effort. The United States entered World War I on April 6, 1917. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

JM-184: Peace talk

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The cartoon shows the interpreted process of peace talks during World War I. The top panel shows the German people being dragged to peace by the Kaiser Wilhelm II. The second panel shows the Reichstag calling for peace after the kaiser orders them to begin discussions. In 1917, the United States had entered World War I, and Germany's and the Axis powers' chance of victory was becoming smaller and smaller. This made them more willing to negotiate for peace than in previous years of the war. The third panel shows the American stock market falling in value. This drop in the stock market was caused by the peace talks. Supplying weapons and other resources in World War I significantly improved the economy of the United States. Many factories and other means of productions had been created solely to meet the needs of the global conflict. As World War I came to a close, the United States large profits from the war effort began to decline. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

JM-181: Long speeches by those pictured

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This cartoon compares three speeches. The first speech on the left was Patrick Henry's famous speech, in which he stated "Give me liberty or give me death!". This speech was given on the eve of the Revolutionary War. The second speech was by Stephen Decatur, a commodore in the United States Navy. Decatur's speech was given at the conclusion of the War of 1812. The final speech was given by Private Sammy Jones during World War I. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

JM-165: The great temperance worker

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This cartoon shows personified World War I separating countries from their chains to alcohol. The man with the decree on separation is a representation of Russia, who legalized prohibition from 1914 until 1925. The man to his right, holding a separation for absinthe, is a personified France, which banned the manufacture and sale of absinthe in 1914. The man chained to whiskey seeking freedom is representative of Great Britain, who never ratified any serious form of a national alcohol ban. There are many theories as to why these countries (including the United States from 1920-1933) banned the sale or manufacture of alcohol in some way. The cartoon suggests these bans were caused by what many referred to as the "efficiency campaign," which was depicted as the axe used to separate alcohol from these countries. The efficiency campaign suggested these countries were more productive when its citizens (especially laborers) were sober. After banning the sale of alcohol in Russia, the government proudly announced Russia's increased labor output and better economic standing. The heightened need for resources, and diminished labor force from World War I is thought to have inspired the need for higher economic efficiency in European nations. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

JM-180: In the national army parade today, you are likely to see the man you'll all be cheering and voting for in years to come

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This editorial cartoon depicts people watching the National Army of the Republic parade outside the window. A man wonders who will be "the Grant of this war." This is most likely one of the many parades held by military forces while the United States was fighting in WWI. This cartoon is captioned. "In the National Army Parade today, you are likely to see the man you'll all be cheering and voting for in years to come". The "Grant of this war" is a clear reference to Ulysses Grant, the eighteenth president of the United States from 1869 to 1977. Ulysses Grant was a general in the Civil War, and he is often given much credit for the Union's victory. After being appointed General-in-Chief by Abraham Lincoln in 1864, Grant would accept General Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House, which effectively ended the Civil War. This cartoon suggests the future leaders of the United States would likely have served in World War I. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)

JM-179: There are some Congressmen who don't want the Germans to see we are in earnest

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This cartoon depicts Uncle Sam being held back by by men from fighting with his full strength. Uncle Sam is meant to personify the United States. Uncles Sam's weak arm represents the feeble military forces available through voluntary enlistment. Uncle Sam's bulky arm represents the United States's powerful military capability if it enacted the draft. The group holding back Uncle Sam is representative of congress. The two Germans represent Germany across the Atlantic. This comic is showing the disagreement in the United States of employing conscription during World War I. The United States fought in World War I from 1916 to 1918. The draft was eventually employed on May 18, 1917 until November 11, 1919 through the Selective Service Act of 1917. (Summary created by Mary Delano, MU History Intern, Spring 2018)