Title III of the Higher Education Act authorizes a number of programs to strengthen institutions of higher education, particularly those serving needy and minority students. The FY 1987 appropriation for these programs was $144.208 million. This paper reviews the current provisions of title III, the title's recent appropriatios history, and the FY 1988 Budget Request for its programs.,Abstract -- Introduction -- Provisions. Part A-Strengthening Institutions ; Part B-Strengthening Historically Black Colleges and Universities ; Part C-Challenge Grants for Institutions Eligible for Assistance Under Part A of Part B ; Part D-General Provisions -- Recent Appropriations and FY 1988 Budget Request. Recent Appropriations ; FY 1988 Budget Request.,James B. Stedman, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 87-283 EPW,"March 31, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

There have been marked changes in the Federal Government's role in housing since 1981. Inflation, Federal budget deficits, slow income growth, public disenchantment with programs for the poor -- these and other factors would have compelled shifts in social programs such as housing regardless of the group who controlled the White House. But many of the housing programs in place in 1981 were essentially incompatible with the philosophy of the Reagan team. This paper identifies some of the major changes brought about or proposed by this Administration and the rationale for these efforts.,Morton J. Schussheim, Senior Specialist in Housing,CRS 87-142 S,"Feburary 23, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

In the late 1980s bad agriculture, energy, and real estate loans have caused the largest number of bank and savings institution failures since the Depression. Such failures have strained the resources of the deposit-insuring agencies FDIC and FSLIC. This report analyzes the financial resources of these agencies, in view of potential congressional reexamination of their nature.,Financing Capabilities -- Deposit Coverage -- Prospects.,William Jackson, Specialist in Money and Banking, Economics Division.,CRS 87-2 E,"February 16, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Agricultural market development can be any activity aimed at influencing the demand for food and fiber. This report is a compilation of Federal programs that might directly or indirectly assist farmers in selling their products domestically.

Discusses federal statutes such as the Federal Power Act and the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 to indicate extent to which the federal government, rather than the states, regulates these energy areas. Also discusses permissible state regulation of energy and regulatory conflicts between the federal government and the states.,Michael V. Seitzinger, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division,CRS 87-221 A,"Feburary 24, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This report identifies activities of Federal agencies that administer or coordinate significant programs on behalf of fisheries, other living aquatic (freshwater and marine) resources, and aquatic habitats. This report describes agency responsibilities, major statutory authority, a ten-year history of budget and personnel levels, a five-year history of personnel by Civil Service grade, studies about national policy and/or goals, interagency and State-Federal coordination mechanisms, and periodic reports.,Eugene H. Buck, Specialist, Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division,CRS 87-125 ENR,"February 20, 1987 (revised).",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Rita Ann Reimer, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division,CRS 85-719 A,"April 17, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

The 100th Congress is scheduled to consider legislation to reauthorize the Federal program of aid for the education of disadvantaged children, under chapter 1 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act. This report provides a discussion of a number of possible options for amendment of chapter 1.,Abstract -- Outline of Selected Chapter 1 LEA Grant Reauthorization Options Discussed in this Report -- How Services are Delivered -- What Services are Delivered -- Who is Served -- How Resources are Allocated.,Wayne Riddle, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 86-1032 EPW,"December 12, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Recent allegations of wrongdoing in the course of arms transfers and the funneling of funds to support Contra forces in Nicaragua have raised questions regarding restrictions on such activities found in federal law. This report consists of a compilation of some of the laws which may have relevance to on-going investigations. The inclusion or exclusion of specific provisions is in no way intended to reflect a judgment as to their applicability to actual events.

The basic intent of H.R. 2970 is to amend the Packers and Stockyards Act of 1921, as amended (7 U.S.C. 181), to extend the existing jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Packers and Stockyards Administration over the poultry and egg industries. This report gives a brief legislative history of the Packers and Stockyards Act, discusses the major features of the proposed bill, and presents the views of the various groups that would be affected by the proposal if it became law. A side-by-side comparison of current law and H.R. 2970 is attached.,CRS 86-633 ENR,March 25, 1986,SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

U.S.-Latin America trade flows have changed dramatically over the last few years. This paper briefly examines U.S.-Latin American trade to determine, among other things, the cause and possible consequences of the shift in trade flows.

This Editorial Commentary provides a sampling of opinions on ways to reform the Nation's welfare system, including comments on proposed changes to Federal regulations and on State workfare experience. It is arranged in two sections: the first contains a list of States having workfare programs, and the second includes editorials on the topic selected from regional newspapers throughout the United States. The editorial section is arranged in reverse chronological order.

The Federal Government administers two weatherization programs designed to assist low-income households reduce the cost of home energy consumption: (1) the Department of Energy (DOE) Weatherization Assistance program and (2) the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Low-Income Home Energy Assistance program (LIHEAP), Weatherization Assistance Component. This paper summarizes the purpose, eligibility criteria, and relevant data and expenditures of these two weatherization programs.,Evelyn Howard and Mary Pilote, Analysts in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division, Updated by Joe Richardson and Mary F. Smith, Specialists in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 87-235 EPW,"May 16, 1985."n"Updated March 19, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Concern has been expressed about the impact various Medicaid rules have on married couples when one member of the couple requires long-term nursing home care and the other spouse remains in the community. A number of bills have been introduced in the 100th Congress to address the impoverishment an elderly spouse in the community may experience as a result of Medicaid rules, when the other spouse becomes eligible for Medicaid as a nursing home patient. This paper compares the provisions of three so-called "spousal impoverishment" bills.,Richard J. Price, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 87-399,"May 1, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

The Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-335) allows retiring Federal employees to elect to withdraw, in one lump-sum, their contributions into the retirement system in exchange for a reduced annuity. This paper describes (1) the withdrawal provision and Office of Personel Management (OPM) regulations for the annuity reduction, and (2) tax treatment of the lump-sum withdrawal.

Introduction and Background -- Summary and Comparison of H.R. 370 and H.R. 1294. H.R. 370 ; H.R. 1294 ; Comparison of H.R. 370 and H.R. 1294 -- Comparison of Coverage of Title VII and Section 504. Title VII ; Section 504 ; Comparison of Coverage. Implications of Enactment of Amendments to Title VII to Prohibit Employment Discrimination on the Basis of Handicap. Introduction ; Arguments Advanced in Favor of Amending Title VII to Prohibit Discrimination Against Handicapped Persons ; Arguments Advanced Against Expanding Title VII to Include Prohibitions of Employment Discrimination Against Handicapped Individuals ; Application of Arguments Advanced For and Against Amending Title VII to H.R. 1294 -- Summary.,Nancy Lee Jones, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division.,CRS 85-804 Ann"May 14, 1985."nnSuDoc # 14. 18/3

The phrase "irradiation of food" refers to the treatment of food with one of several types of radiation processes. This report focuses on only one type of food irradiation -- the process of using ionizing radiation to preserve food. The paper includes a discussion of the technical aspects of irradiation, the potential uses of irradiation for food preservation, and the issues of food safety, wholesomeness and labeling of irradiated foods.

This report examines the potential macroeconomic effects of meeting the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings deficit targets. Both expenditure cuts and tax increases are considered, as is the potential for monetary policy to offset contractionary fiscal policy. It concludes that, because of time lags, an economic slowdown may be unavoidable.

This report breifly examines the relationship between selected economic time series and the U.S. business cycle.,This report presents a series of selected economic indicators and their relationship to the U.S. business cycle. Six times series are presented: real Gross National Product (GNP), the M2 measure of the money stock, the civilian unemployment rate, and private domestic nonfinancial debt. Each time series is plotted quarterly beginning in the first quarter of 1948 through the third quarter of 1986. In each case the series are divided into time intervals of roughly equal length. In each chart the business cycle peaks and troughs as indicated. Table 1 below lists the U.S. business cycle reference dates.,Abstract -- Introduction -- Real GNP and M2 -- Inflation and Civilian Unemployment Rates -- Manufacturing Capacity Utilization Rates -- Private Domestic Non-Financial Debt.,Brian W. Cashell, Analyst in Quantitative Economics, Economics Division,CRS 86-1039 E,"December 11, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This paper examines the current economic expansion in light of previous experience. What aspects of the current expansion are typical of an economic upswing and what aspects are unusual?