This paper describes the provisions of P.L. 99-177 ("Gramm-Rudman-Hollings") that pertain to Federal civil service employees and retirees.,Carolyn Merck, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 86-502 EPW,"January 2, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Stiff-board and leather binding, decorated with gilded details (at the center, the last name "Oz"). Coat of arms in folio 1v. and another miniature on folio 3r. 28.5 x 19.5 cm

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act protects most workers aged 40 through 69 against employment discrimination on account of age. Various issues under the Act are pending before the Supreme Court, in the executive branch regulatory process and in Congress. These include whether and how retirement ages for State and local public safety officers ought to be subject to current ADEA provisions; whether the Act's upper age limit of 70 for non-federal workers should be removed, thereby largely eliminating mandatory retirement on account of age; and what requirements the ADEA should impose on pension plans. Issues have also arisen related to other occupational groups-higher education faculty, airline pilots, and high level executives.,Abstract -- The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 as Amended -- Labor Force Participation and Retirement Decisions -- Issue. Upper Age Limit of 70 in the ADEA ; Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty ; State and Local Public Safety Officers ; Exemption for High Level Executives ; ADEA Enforcement Procedures ; Pension Plan Benefits ; Airline Pilots ; Other Legislative Proposals.,Sharon House, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 85-683 EPW,"January 17, 1984."n"Updated April 1, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

While most private pension plans are sufficiently funded, some are seriously underfunded. This paper discusses these issues and the legislative options being studied to address the problems confronting the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) and the optimal funding of private pension plans.

The rising cost and reduced availability of liability insurance in recent years has been a concern for business, government, and consumers. This Editorial Commentary looks at such liability insurance areas as products liability, malpractice, local government liability, and other forms of liability insurance. n n The Editorial Commentary is divided into two sections. The first contains an introductory news article on liability insurance and a chart showing what States have been doing about this problem. The second includes editorials selected from newspapers from all regions of the United States. This section is arranged in reverse chronological order.,News Article Section. Action Set on Liability Insurance (Washington Post) ; What States are Doing (Washington Post) -- Editorial Section. Arkansas Gazette (Little Rock, Ark) ; Atlanta Constitution (Georgia) ; Atlanta Journal (Georgia) ; Chicago Tribune (Illinois) ; Christian Science Monitor (Massachussetts) ; Dallas Times Herald (Texas) ; Detroit Free Press (Michigan) ; Houston Chronicle (Texas) ; Idaho Statesman (Boise, Idaho) ; Minneapolis Star and Tribune (Minnesota) ; New York Times ; Newsday (Long Island, N.Y.) ; Portland Press Herald (Maine) ; Record (Bergen, New Jersey) ; Richmond Times Dispatch (Virginia) ; St. Petersburg Times (Florida) ; Salt Lake Tribune (Utah) ; Star-Ledger (Newark, N.J,) ; Sun (Baltimore, Md.) ; Wall Street Journal ; Washington Post.,CRS 86-631 L,"April 1986",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Charles V. Dale, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division.,CRS 85-720 A,"April 26, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

The report uses published data to chronicle the historical experience of States now offering lotteries. Additional information is provided about suppliers and vendors, and for marketing techniques used by the States. The report also discusses the various organizational structures of lottery administrative agencies and commissions, and considers the effect Federal law and regulation have on State lotteries.,Kevin F. Winch, Specialist in Industry Economics; Bernevia M. McCalip, Analyst in Business and Government Relations ; Gary W. Shorter, Analyst in Business and Government Relations; Mark Jickling, Library Technician, Economics Division; Kent Ronhovde, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division.,CRS 85-520 E,"January 14, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This Overview focuses on budget issues including reaction to the proposed FY 1988 budget -- the first trillion dollar budget, deficit reduction, and the domestic spending-military spending trade-off. The Overview is divided into three sections. The first contains two newspaper articles on the proposed FY 1988 budget. The second includes editorials selected from regional and local papers from around the United States; this section is arranged by the name of the newspaper. The third part is a listing of public opinion polls on these issues.

"First rubric: D(omi)nica in ramis palmaru(m) anti(phona). Incipit: Pueri hebreoru(m) tolle(n)tes ramos olivarum obviaveru(n)t domino clama(n)tes et dicentes osanna in excelsis. Explicit: Mulieres sede(n)tes ad monumentu(m) lame(n)tabant(ur) flentes dominu(m) B(e)n(e)dictus Euouae. (16.5 x 12.5 cm). Latin manuscript in red and black ink on vellum, with 6 lines of music per page (4-line staff in red with plain-chant notes in black), the text in black in a large and clear textura hand with numerous rubrics. Opening with a red decorated uncial initial (4 cm) with black penwork decoration, and with about 150 red or black uncial initials (1.5 to 2 cm) in the text, most of the black initials and many capitals in the text rubricated, and 3 initials decorated with faces in profile. Contemporary red goatskin over wooden boards, binding restored. (60) ll.nnAn attractive Bavarian or Tirolian Processional in red and black ink on vellum. The 4-line staff, in red, measures 12 mm, with the plain-chant notes in black. The leaves have been pricked every 20 mm about a half-centimetre from the foredge, and some pages still show traces of ruling in black. Where longer passages of text appear, the spaces between the pricking contain three lines of text, but elsewhere the music occupies the upper two-thirds with the text (in a large, clearly legible textura) below it in the lower third. The unical initials in the text occupy the full space of the staff plus text, while the opening uncial initial occupies the space of two lines plus their texts. Most pages contain six lines of music. Three of the uncial initials in the text are decorated with faces in profile.nnThe manuscript collates [A]-[F]10 = 60 leaves, with catchwords (partly trimmed off) at the foot of the gutter on the last page of quires C, D and E. The original text and music end on fol. F8v. The last two leaves (fols. F9-10 with F10v blank) have been filled by a less professional sixteenth-century hand (perhaps the owner's) with Thomas Aquinas's "Pange Lingua" (Sing, My Tongue), the first verse with plain-chant music, followed by two short Bible quotations (Luke 14:16-17 and Proverbs 9:5) also used in Aquinas's works (in "Sermo Dominica Secunda post Trinitatim" and "Ad Matutiuum" respectively). We have found the same opening antiphon as the present manuscript in two other liturgical manuscripts: a ca. 1178/1199 manuscript from the Biburg (Bavaria) monastery (Walter von Arx, Das Kloserrituale von Bilburg, Freiburg, 1970, 131 & 132) and a smaller sixteenth-century German manuscript (Johns Hopkins University: Gar 06), but it is best known for its appearance in the ca. 1230 Carmina Burana from the Benedictine monastery Benediktbeuern (in Bavaria, near the Tirolian border). The text of the antiphons at the end match those used later by the composer Carlo Gesualdo (1556-1613) in Naples, but we have not had the opportunity to compare the music with his.nnThe paste-downs have been made from manuscript waste (Latin religious texts in two columns, ca. 1500?, not identified). There are numerous manuscript notes on the front fly-leaf and some in the text, ranging from contemporary to as late as 1810. The binding has a brass pin set in the centre of the front board, to hold a strap anchored in the back board.nnIn very good condition, with the foot and fore-edge margin of the last leaf cut away (not affecting the text) and a couple small marginal worm holes in the last two leaves. The binding has been restored at the corners, spine and the area around the brass pin, and the fastening strap has been replaced. A well-executed liturgical manuscript with plain-chant music.",Full pdf available, https://dl.mospace.umsystem.edu/mu/islandora/object/mu%3A446866/datastream/PDF/view

During the 99th Congress, a number of labor issues have received considerable attention. This paper gives a brief description and analysis of these issues as well as other labor and labor-related issues that are likely to receive some attention in the second session of the 99th Congress. This paper is an update of Labor Issues in the 99th Congress: An Update, Report 85-941 E, September 12, 1985.

To assist congressional offices in responding to requests for information about internships, fellowships, and other work experience programs, CRS has prepared this report on congressional internships, other Federal Government internships, and congressional, judicial, and Presidential fellowships. Detailed information on additional programs is outside the report's scope. However, an annotated bibliography lists further sources of information on internships, fellowships, and summer jobs. The publications listed can be used to locate additional work experience opportunities, both inside and outside the Federal Government.,Introduction -- Congressional Internships -- Other Federal Government Internships -- Congressional, Judicial, and Presidential Fellowship Programs -- Bibliography.,Betsy Reifsnyder, Reference Specialist, Congressional Reference Division,CRS 87-237 C,"May 1, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Marsha Cerny, Senior Bibliographer, Education and Public Welfare, Library Services Division.nnCRS 87-175 Lnn"February 1987"nnSuDoc # LC 14. 18/3

This paper compares the provisions of three bills introduced in the 100th Congress: H.R. 4, H.R. 286, and H.R. 558. All of these bills attempt to provide not only support services and emergency shelter for the homeless, but also strive to prevent homelessness through the preservation of the existing housing stock occupied by low-income persons.

The current interest in reform of public elementary and secondary schools has resulted in renewed attention being focused on pre-service and in-service training for elementary and secondary school teachers. This paper reviews past and current Federal programs providing such assistance and summarizes current program options.,K. Forbis Jordan, Senior Specialist in Education, Office of Senior Specialists and Nancy B. Borkow, Research Assistant, Office of Senior Specialists.,CRS 85-644 S,"March 25, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This paper focuses on three select groups of children and youth who appear to be "at risk" for depressed educational attainment - those from single-parent families, those from persistently poor families, and those who give birth during their teenage years. It addresses three basic questions: (1) Are these groups of children and youth at risk of depressed educational attainment? (2) How might these characteristics lead to depressed educational attainment? (3) What implications does the current research have for examining Federal responses to the educational needs of these children and youth?,Abstract -- Introduction -- Analytical Summary -- Public Policy and the Education of "At Risk" Children and Youth -- Educational Attainment -- Children from Single-Parent Families. Summary of Findings ; Statistical Overview ; Educational Attainment and Performance -- Children from Persistently Poor Families ; Summary of Findings ; Statistical Overview ; Educational Attainment and Performance -- Childbearing Teenagers. Summary of Findings ; Statistical Overview ; Educational Attainment and Performance -- Conclusion -- Appendix A: Technical Note.,James B. Stedman, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 87-290 EPW,"April 1, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This report discusses the major factors which have made, and continue to make, the comparison of risks from different energy sources a difficult task. In particular, it addresses six areas of fundamental difficulty in making such comparisons. These areas include--portion of the fuel cycle included, technologies to be used, level of technology, assumptions of market penetration and siting, allocations between energy and non-energy risks, and comparing dissimilar risks. The report illustrates the magnitude of the problems of risk comparison by demonstrating the range of results obtained from some of the major energy risk assessments. A compilation of recent major energy risk assessments and energy risk comparisons in both the U.S. and other countries is also included.,Abstract -- Introduction -- Analytical Difficulties. What portions of the Fuel Cycle Are/Should Be Incorporated in the Computation of Total Risk? ; What Technologies Are/Should Be Used to Compute the Risk From Each Source? ; What Level of Technology Should Be Used to Compute Risks for Each Energy Source? ; Should the Same Market Penetration, Siting, and Other Factors be Assumed for Each Technology? ; How Should Risks Be Allocated Between Energy and Non-Energy Sectors ; How Does One Compare Apples and Oranges? -- Conclusion -- Appendix I: References.,Gail H. Marcus, specialist in Science and Technology, Science Policy Research Division,CRS 85-730 SPR,"May 2, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This study assesses the effects of three tax reform proposals: the Administration's proposal, the House passed bill (H.R. 3838), and a proposal for a business transfer tax made by Senator William V. Roth on international competitiveness. The results suggest that the effects of these proposals will be relatively small and that international competitiveness is not a major issue in evaluating tax proposals.

The Commission on Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Salaries is activated every four years for the purpose of studying the compensation available to top officials of the U.S. Government. The enabling legislation for this Commission has been substantially amended several times. This report provides a topical history of the Commission. It discusses the responsibilities of the Commission, the President, and the Congress. Membership, funding, and staff support are also discussed. The closing section of the report contains tables showing various Commission's recommendations, those of the President, and the disposition of the Presidential recommendations. The five tables at the end of the report present the following salary rate data: 1) salary in effect when Commission met; 2) Commission salary recommendations; 3) President's salary recommendations; and 4) information on whether the President's recommendations went into effect. [N.B. No summary is provided for this report because it is not conducive to being succinctly or usefully summarized.] For companion CRS reports see: Paul E. Dwyer and Frederick H. Pauls, A Brief History of Congressional Pay, CRS Report No., 86-1022 GOV, November 24, 1986 and, by the same authors, A Brief Report on Congressional Pay, CRS Report 86-1051 GOV, December 29, 1986; CRS Report 86-1004 GOV, Rate of Increase of Selected Public and Private Wages and Public Pensions Compared with Change in Consumer Price Index, 1969-1987, by Frederick H. Pauls, Paul E. Dwyer, Kirk Brown and Roger Walke, November 20, 1986; and, Federal Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Compensation, Report No. 86-1021 GOV, December 30, 1986, by James P. McGrath.

In recent years, spouse abuse has received increased public and congressional attention. Although there are varying estimates on the number of abused spouses, many observers suggest that the problem is widespread. Many States and the Federal Government have responded to the problem by providing some form of assistance to victims. This paper presents a brief discussion of the issues relating to spouse abuse, its incidence, and Federal programs that may provide services to victims.

This paper summarizes the final report of the Study Group on the Conditions of Excellence in American Higher Education. The report was released in October 1984 and represents the first of several studies on higher education quality that are anticipated over the next 18 months. The Study Group consisted of seven members appointed by the Director of the National Institute of Education.,David S. Osman, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 85-506 EPW,"December 28, 1984.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3