Rita Ann Reimer, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division,CRS 85-719 A,"April 17, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

The 100th Congress is scheduled to consider legislation to reauthorize the Federal program of aid for the education of disadvantaged children, under chapter 1 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act. This report provides a discussion of a number of possible options for amendment of chapter 1.,Abstract -- Outline of Selected Chapter 1 LEA Grant Reauthorization Options Discussed in this Report -- How Services are Delivered -- What Services are Delivered -- Who is Served -- How Resources are Allocated.,Wayne Riddle, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 86-1032 EPW,"December 12, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Recent allegations of wrongdoing in the course of arms transfers and the funneling of funds to support Contra forces in Nicaragua have raised questions regarding restrictions on such activities found in federal law. This report consists of a compilation of some of the laws which may have relevance to on-going investigations. The inclusion or exclusion of specific provisions is in no way intended to reflect a judgment as to their applicability to actual events.

The basic intent of H.R. 2970 is to amend the Packers and Stockyards Act of 1921, as amended (7 U.S.C. 181), to extend the existing jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Packers and Stockyards Administration over the poultry and egg industries. This report gives a brief legislative history of the Packers and Stockyards Act, discusses the major features of the proposed bill, and presents the views of the various groups that would be affected by the proposal if it became law. A side-by-side comparison of current law and H.R. 2970 is attached.,CRS 86-633 ENR,March 25, 1986,SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

U.S.-Latin America trade flows have changed dramatically over the last few years. This paper briefly examines U.S.-Latin American trade to determine, among other things, the cause and possible consequences of the shift in trade flows.

This Editorial Commentary provides a sampling of opinions on ways to reform the Nation's welfare system, including comments on proposed changes to Federal regulations and on State workfare experience. It is arranged in two sections: the first contains a list of States having workfare programs, and the second includes editorials on the topic selected from regional newspapers throughout the United States. The editorial section is arranged in reverse chronological order.

The Federal Government administers two weatherization programs designed to assist low-income households reduce the cost of home energy consumption: (1) the Department of Energy (DOE) Weatherization Assistance program and (2) the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Low-Income Home Energy Assistance program (LIHEAP), Weatherization Assistance Component. This paper summarizes the purpose, eligibility criteria, and relevant data and expenditures of these two weatherization programs.,Evelyn Howard and Mary Pilote, Analysts in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division, Updated by Joe Richardson and Mary F. Smith, Specialists in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 87-235 EPW,"May 16, 1985."n"Updated March 19, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Concern has been expressed about the impact various Medicaid rules have on married couples when one member of the couple requires long-term nursing home care and the other spouse remains in the community. A number of bills have been introduced in the 100th Congress to address the impoverishment an elderly spouse in the community may experience as a result of Medicaid rules, when the other spouse becomes eligible for Medicaid as a nursing home patient. This paper compares the provisions of three so-called "spousal impoverishment" bills.,Richard J. Price, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 87-399,"May 1, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

The Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-335) allows retiring Federal employees to elect to withdraw, in one lump-sum, their contributions into the retirement system in exchange for a reduced annuity. This paper describes (1) the withdrawal provision and Office of Personel Management (OPM) regulations for the annuity reduction, and (2) tax treatment of the lump-sum withdrawal.

Introduction and Background -- Summary and Comparison of H.R. 370 and H.R. 1294. H.R. 370 ; H.R. 1294 ; Comparison of H.R. 370 and H.R. 1294 -- Comparison of Coverage of Title VII and Section 504. Title VII ; Section 504 ; Comparison of Coverage. Implications of Enactment of Amendments to Title VII to Prohibit Employment Discrimination on the Basis of Handicap. Introduction ; Arguments Advanced in Favor of Amending Title VII to Prohibit Discrimination Against Handicapped Persons ; Arguments Advanced Against Expanding Title VII to Include Prohibitions of Employment Discrimination Against Handicapped Individuals ; Application of Arguments Advanced For and Against Amending Title VII to H.R. 1294 -- Summary.,Nancy Lee Jones, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division.,CRS 85-804 Ann"May 14, 1985."nnSuDoc # 14. 18/3

The phrase "irradiation of food" refers to the treatment of food with one of several types of radiation processes. This report focuses on only one type of food irradiation -- the process of using ionizing radiation to preserve food. The paper includes a discussion of the technical aspects of irradiation, the potential uses of irradiation for food preservation, and the issues of food safety, wholesomeness and labeling of irradiated foods.

This report examines the potential macroeconomic effects of meeting the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings deficit targets. Both expenditure cuts and tax increases are considered, as is the potential for monetary policy to offset contractionary fiscal policy. It concludes that, because of time lags, an economic slowdown may be unavoidable.

This report breifly examines the relationship between selected economic time series and the U.S. business cycle.,This report presents a series of selected economic indicators and their relationship to the U.S. business cycle. Six times series are presented: real Gross National Product (GNP), the M2 measure of the money stock, the civilian unemployment rate, and private domestic nonfinancial debt. Each time series is plotted quarterly beginning in the first quarter of 1948 through the third quarter of 1986. In each case the series are divided into time intervals of roughly equal length. In each chart the business cycle peaks and troughs as indicated. Table 1 below lists the U.S. business cycle reference dates.,Abstract -- Introduction -- Real GNP and M2 -- Inflation and Civilian Unemployment Rates -- Manufacturing Capacity Utilization Rates -- Private Domestic Non-Financial Debt.,Brian W. Cashell, Analyst in Quantitative Economics, Economics Division,CRS 86-1039 E,"December 11, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This paper examines the current economic expansion in light of previous experience. What aspects of the current expansion are typical of an economic upswing and what aspects are unusual?

The Tax Reform Act of 1986, P.L. 99-514, contains a number of provisions pertaining to education. Some of these provisions refer explicitly to schools, teachers, students, and so on, while several others without such direct references also are significant. This report provides a short summary of both kinds of provisions and an explanation, where necessary, of why they are relevant.

This report provides the FY 1985 budget authority and the FY 1986 authorizations of appropriations for programs administered by the Department of Education. Where FY 1986 authorizations are not directly or explicitly specified in statute, an FY 1986 authorization level is provided by applying the automatic extension provisions of the General Education Provisions Act.,Angela Evans, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 85-648 EPW,"March 25, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This bibliography contains citations to books and articles on AIDS from 1983 to the present. The major topics covered are the epidemiology of AIDS and social, political, and ethical issues for dealing with a disease for which yet there is no cure. Special sections deal with children with AIDS, and homosexuals and homophobia.

This bibliography lists recent articles, reports, books, and congressional documents on U.S. agricultural trade. The references are annotated and are arranged into three topical sections: the U.S. as an agricultural trading nation; factors affecting agricultural trade; and agricultural trade policy options. The Congressional Research Service bibliographic database was the source of the bibliography.,Abstract -- The United States as an Agricultural Trading Nation -- Factors Affecting Agricultural Trade -- Agricultural Trade Policy Options.,Rebecca Mazur, Bibliographer, Environment and Natural Resources, Library Services Division,CRS 85-568 L,"January 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

In recent years the term "acid rain" has captured the attention of the American public as a possible cause of forest damage and decline. As research progresses, it appears that the adverse impacts of "acid rain" on forest ecosystems are more complex and not as well understood as they generally are for aquatic ecosystems. Different types of air pollution -- including but not limited to precursors of acid deposition -- alone or in combination with stress factors, may pose a wide range of threats to forest ecosystems. This report examines the extent of forest damage and decline in the United States, the dynamics of the forest ecosystem and the major hypotheses put forth by the scientific community to explain the role of air pollutants in forest declines. The report concluded that the forest decline debate must take into account a wider range of pollutants than are usually included in legislative proposals which emphasize sulphur dioxide emissions.,Adela Backiel, Analyst in Natural Resources Policy and Alison L. Holt, Reference Assistant in Natural Resources Policy, Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division,CRS 86-560 ENR,"February 10, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This collection includes statements and addresses by President Reagan from Feburary 2, 1985, through December 31, 1985, on a broad range of topics related to arms control. All are taken from volume 21 of the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents. The date and setting of each are cited, along with the Weekly Compilation issue and page on which the quote can be found. Addresses, announcements, and interviews relating solely to arms control are included in their entirety. Short passages from speeches and interviews are identified as excerpts. Those quotes from White House press releases that were not actually delivered by President Reagan are so identified.,Abstract -- US Security (peace through strength, defense spending, US military modernization, the US-soviet balance) -- The Geneva Negotiations on Nuclear and Space Arms (US goals, US proposals, reactions to Soviet proposals, progress in ongoing negotiations, prospects for success) -- The Strategic Defense Initiative (goals of SDI, SDI and arms control, SDI and the ABM Treaty, allied participation in SDI, Soviet reaction to SDI, Soviet efforts in strategic defense, sharing SDI technology with the Soviet Unition) -- Antisatellite Weapons -- The MX -- Verification and Compliance (the need for effective verification, charges of Soviet noncompliance, US policy on continued compliance with SALT II) -- Nuclear Testing (reaction to the Soviet moratorium, US offer to exchange observers at test sites) -- The Soviet Union (US-Soviet relations, the President's view of the Soviet Union) -- The Reagan-Gorbachev Summit (preparation for the summit, agenda, expectations for the summit, impressions of General Secretary Gorbachev, summit results) -- The Nato Alliance (strength and unity of NATO, US deployment of nuclear weapons on allied territory, US presence in allied countries) -- Multilateral Arms Control (conventional weapons, chemical weapons, confidence building measures) -- Nuclear Nonproliferation (restrant of proliferation, peaceful nuclear cooperation).,Jeanette Voas, Research Assistant, Office of Senior Specialists.,CRS 86-549 S,"February 7, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3