Homelessness is sometimes the condition of the deinstitutionalized mentally ill, the aged, the voluntarily idle, and the temporarily unemployed; and of runaway youth, destitute families, drug addicts, street beggars and alcoholics--in urban and rural areas. There appears to be no single set of characteristics shared by the homeless except being poor and without housing, and often lacking food and medical care as well. This Editorial Commentary looks at the "problems" of the homeless and those who search for remedies using selected editorials. It also covers actions taken by local and State governments to address the problems.nnThe Editorial Commentary includes an introductory section of newspaper articles on the homeless. It is divided into sections - one focusing on the problem; the other on actions that have been taken to deal with the problem. Both sections are arranged in reverse chronological order. The editorials were selected from the editorial collection maintained by the Library Services Division.,Compiled by Library Services Division.,This editorial commentary was compiled by Saundra Shirley-Reynolds. Ann Eschete was responsible for its production.,CRS 86-525 L,"January 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

CRS 87-216 L,"Received between March 2nd and 13th 1987.","March 13, 1987.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Sheltered workshops serve the dual functions of rehabilitation training facility and employment opportunity for handicapped individuals. The Federal Government certifies sheltered workshops to pay subminimum wages and purchases commodities and services from workshops under a special procurement program. This paper discusses these Federal programs and pending legislation regarding sheltered workshops.,Mary F. Smith, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 85-622 EPW,"March 13, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

The Reagan Administration has requested a $2.2 billion "generic appropriation" to cover a variety of social service programs that have previously been funded by the Congress on a program-specific basis. This paper briefly describes this proposal, presents background information on the programs that would be affected, and discusses possible effects of the proposal.,Carol O'Shaughnessy, Mary Smitth, and Sharon Stephan, Specialists in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division.,CRS 87-210 EPW,"March 9, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

In an attempt to foster regional economic growth, many State and local governments have developed and are supporting programs to enhance technological advancement within their jurisdictions. These programs are based upon the idea that economic benefits accrue from the creation of new firms and from increases in productivity in existing companies through the application of technological products and processes. These efforts very by State and often a jurisdiction supports several different approaches. Several Federal programs and policies have facilitated State and local technological development activities. These include programs to strengthen the science and technology capabilities of State governments, to encourage industry-university cooperation, to expand the use of Federal technical resources, and to strengthen the research capacity of universities. There is congressional interest in exploring ways to augment Federal support for State and local technological advancement efforts. Various options are identified to assist Members in determining if future congressional action is necessary, and if so, what types of activities might build upon an infrastructure already in place.

The Supreme Court held in School Board of Nassau County v. Arline that a person with the contagious disease of tuberculosis may be a handicapped individual under section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.,Nancy Lee Jones, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division,CRS 87-238 A,"March 4, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This report provides brief descriptions of the rural housing programs of the Farmers Home Administration (FmHA). The FmHA programs are classified according to the section under which they are authorized in the Housing Act of 1949, as amended. Each program description is followed by a table showing the dollar amount of loan or grant obligations and the number of housing units assisted or produced by the program for fiscal years 1977 through 1987.

"Most-favored-nation" (MFN) status entitles the country to which it has been granted to the same advantages that have been extended by granting country to any other country; MFN treatment, consequently, means in fact: nondiscriminatory, equal treatment. The United States extends the MFN treatment in foreign trade to all countries except to most Communist countries. Generally, MFN status can be granted by the United States to Communist country only if the latter's emigration policy is substantially nonrestrictive. Under this procedure, in effect since 1975, MFN status has been extended to Romania, Hungary, and China, which together with the earlier Communist MFN beneficiaries, Poland and Yugoslavia, are the only Communist countries to which the United States accords the MFN status.,What is Most-Favored-Nation Treatment? -- United States MFN Policy in Foreign Trade -- Denial of the MFN Treatment to Communist Countries -- Current Application of the MFN Treatment.,Vladimir N. Pregelj, Specialist in International Trade and Finance, Economics Division,CRS 87-241 E,"March 20, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This paper provides background information on the current proposals that would require all new teachers to pass a national teacher competency test before becoming eligible for internship or certification. In addition to providing an overview of the current proposals, brief discussions are provided about the various problems and experiences with testing programs of other professions such as law, medicine, nursing, and professional engineers. nnCurrent teacher examination practices among the States are summarized, and alternative responses for professional organizations and teacher education institutions are explored. The last sections of this paper address procedural questions, potential impact, and Federal options.,Abstract -- Proposal -- Background -- Admission Examinations for Other Professions -- Current Status in the States -- Alternative Responses -- Procedural Questions -- Impact -- Federal Options.,K. Forbis Jordan, Senior Specialist in Education, Office of Senior Specialists,The report was missing page 27.,CRS 85-731 S,"April 29, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Title IX of the Higher Education Act authorizes funding for graduate education. Institutional grants are authorized for fellowships and program improvement. National graduate fellowships are authorized in the arts, humanities, and social sciences. Programs are authorized to encourage under-represented groups to enter law schools and to encourage law school clinical programs.,Abstract -- Institutional Grants -- Graduate and Professional Opportunity Fellowships -- National Graduate Fellowships -- Legal Training for the Disadvantaged (CLEO) -- Law School Clinical Experience Programs -- National Commission Report -- FY 1986 Budget Proposal -- Program Issues -- Program Options.,K. Forbis Jordan, Senior Specialist in Education, Office of Senior Specialists,CRS 85-624,"March 18, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Among the problems in the U.S. financial system which the 100th Congress will be called on to consider is the financial condition of the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC), the Federal deposit insurance agency for most of the Nation's savings institutions. The number of failed savings institutions has strained the financial resources of the FSLIC. A major issue of immediate importance is how the FSLIC will meet its financial requirements to enable it to deal effectively with savings institutions now known to be in difficulty.

The Reagan Administration has recently renewed its proposal to authorize Federal aid for the education of disadvantaged children (Chapter 1, Education Consolidation and Improvement Act) in the form of vouchers, this time proposing that the parents of all children served by the program have this option available to them. This paper provides background on the voucher concept, an analysis of existing proposals, and pro/con arguments regarding vouchers for the education of the disadvantaged, plus a discussion of possible alternatives

The microthesaurus is a compilation of terms from the Legislative Indexing Vocabulary on employment and labor. While it does not include specific occupations, selected occupational groups are included. These terms may be used in searching the CRS Bibliographic Data Base, the Bill Digest files, and the Major Issues System on SCORPIO.,Shirley Loo, Specialist in Information Control and Automated Systems, Library Sciences Division,CRS 85-1028 L,"October 30, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Introduction -- Coverage of Education Under Section 504 -- Impact of Grove City College v. Bell on Section 504 -- Section 504 and Sovereign Immunity -- Interpretations of Southeastern Community College v. Davis -- Transportation Accessibility -- Summary.,Nancy Lee Jones, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division,CRS 85-814 A nn"June 5, 1985." nnSuDoc # LC 14. 18/3

Wayne Riddle, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division.,CRS 85-596 EPW,"February 28, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This paper describes some of the concepts and principles of holistic medicine. It lists and briefly describes six components of holistic medicine, which consists of homeopathy, chelation therapy, acupuncture, clinical ecology, nutritional therapy, and stress reduction. It also describes the role of members of the health team in a typical holistic health center.,Sam Merrill, Jr., Analyst in Life Sciences, Science Policy Research Division,CRS 84-744 SPR,"September 10, 1984.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is the amount of money that persons who work and have a dependent child can have subtracted from their income tax, or have refunded to them if the credit is larger than their tax liability. This paper gives a history of the credit, discusses recent changes in law that index the credit to price inflation, describes how the credit is derived, compares the credit with other welfare programs, and provides summary statistics on the credit.,Abstract -- Introduction -- History. Work Bonus Plan ; Passage of the EITC ; Extension of the EITC (1975-1977 Laws) ; Permanent Status for EITC and Rise in Maximum Credit (1978 Law) ; Treatment of EITC by Benefit Programs ; Rise in Maximum Credit (1984 Law) ; Indexation of EITC and Rise in Maximum Credit (1986 Law) -- Eligibility -- Benefits. Levels Until 1987 ; 1987 and Thereafter ; 1987 Benefit Levels ; Comparison With Other Programs -- Data -- Appendix A: Summary Information on the EITC and Other Welfare Programs.,Carmen Solomon, Analyst in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 86-1031 EPW,"December 12, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

The national automotive speed limit of 55 MPH was enacted in 1974 as an energy saving measure and was kept in place when highway fatalities dropped sharply upon its implementation. A recent NAS study endorsed the speed limit generally, but suggested that it might be modified on rural portions of interstate highways. Legislation is pending in Congress that would allow the States to raise the limit on rural interstates; President Reagan has now endorsed this concept.,Abstract -- Summary -- Background -- State Enforcement of the Speed Limit -- Public Opinion -- "Fuzzbusters' -- The National Academy of Sciences Study -- Speed Limit Legislation in the 99th Congress -- Reagan Administration Position -- Changing the Speed Limit-Pros and Cons.,CRS 86-634 SPR,September 15, 1986,SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Four Internal Revenue Code provisions that provide incentives for training or retraining of workers are covered in this report. These descriptions are current as of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 and reflect changes made by the Act. Federal revenue costs associated with specific Code sections are given if available.

Introduction -- Comparison of PVA Model Regulations with ANSI Standards and Regulations Issued Pursuant to the Architectural Barriers Act. Definitions of Handicapped Person ; Designated Handicapped Parking Space -- Comparison of PVA Model Regulations to the State Statute. Motor Vehicle Identification ; Parking Privileges for Handicapped Persons ; Parking Privileges for Temporarily Handicapped Persons ; Rules and Regulations for Issuance ; Penalty Provisions -- Summary -- Appendix A.,Nancy Lee Jones, Legislative Attorney, American Law Attorney,CRS 85-724 A,"April 5, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3