This paper, using the period from May 1982 to May 1983 as a case study, will examine the reasons for the inflexibility of rates charged by banks on consumer loans relative to rates charged by banks on business loans. The first half of the paper will attempt to establish the differences, and the reasons for such differences, in changes between consumer loan rates and commercial loan charges. nnThe second half of the paper will analyze the reasons for these differences in light of bank yields on outstanding loans to consumers and businesses from 1966 through 1983. Finally, current data will be examined from the point of view of the conclusions reached in the report.,Abstract -- Executive Summary -- Introduction -- Sources of Funds for Consumer Credit -- Behavior of Bank Consumer Loan Rates. May 1982 to May 1983 ; Consumer Loan Rates in Past Recoveries ; Variability of Consumer Rates ; The Inverted Yield Curve ; The Positive Yield Curve ; Comparison with Open-Market Rates -- Interest Rate Deregulation and Consumer Loan Rates. Post-War Consumer Lending by Banks ; Regulation of Interest Rates-Regulation "Q" ; Deregulation of Interest Rates ; Effects of Deregulation ; Borrowing Short and Lending Long ; Price and Non-Price Competition ; Usury Ceilings -- Conclusions.,Helen J. Scott, Specialist in Money and Banking, Economics Division,CRS 85-818 E,"May 17, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Sharon Stephan, Analyst in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division.,CRS 85-571 EPW,"February 14, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Rita Ann Reimer, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division,CRS 85-549 A,"January 24, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This report provides brief summaries of selected proposals to revise programs of aid for needy children and their families. All proposals would alter treatment of recipients of the program of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), and some also include recommendations to revise cash welfare for the needy aged, blind, or disabled (Supplemental Security Income--SSI). nnThe report summarizes several provisions of current law and then describes how the proposals would change them. Examined are: benefit rules, work/school obligations, treatment of earnings, job refusal on income grounds, eligibility of two-parent families, the Federal funding share, and the interaction of AFDC with other programs.,Vee Burke, Specialist in Social Legislation and Carmen D. Solomon, Analyst in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 87-309 EPW,"January 20, 1987"n"Updated August 17, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This report discusses the 1986 Tax Reform Act's potential effects on the level of State and local spending, State tax structures, interstate tax competition, and State and local use of tax-exempt bonds.,The Level of State and Local Spending. After-Federal-Tax Cost of a State or Local Tax Dollar ; Linkage between Federal and State Income Tax Bases -- State Tax Structures. Linkage of Income Tax Bases ; After-Federal-Tax Cost of State and Local Tax Dollars -- Interstate Tax Competition -- State and Local Use of Tax-Exempt Bonds. General Eligibility Criteria for Tax-Exempt Status ; Exceptions to the General Eligibility Criteria ; Volume Restrictions ; Implications for Tax-Exempt Bond Volume -- Conclusions.,Dennis Zimmerman, Specialist in Public Finance, Economics Division,CRS 87-233 E,"March 20, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Charles Dale, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division.,CRS 85-585 A,"February 13, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This paper provides a brief description and reexamination of a proposal to establish a minimum universal pension system (MUPS) as a public policy response to low and stagnated pension coverage. It also discusses the trade-offs between traditional defined benefit pension plans and a defined contribution arrangement such as a MUPS.

This paper presents the legislative history of Medicare's Utilization and Quality Control Peer Review Organization (PRO) program, a summary of major program features and the issues which surround them, and finally an overview of other relevant issues.,Joseph A. Cislowski, Analyst in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 87-258 EPW,"March 25, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This table includes appropriations for fiscal years 1980 through 1987 for selected health programs administered by the Department of Health and Human Services. To the maximum extent possible, appropriations shown on the table include funding for program activities only, and exclude program support funds for administrative activities.,CRS 87-272 EPW,"March 27, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

CRS 86-623 Ann"March 5, 1986"nnSuDoc # LC 14. 18/3

Mortgage brokers seem to be largely uncovered by comprehensive regulation, either state or federal. Some states have recently made some efforts at regulation; some federal agencies have certain authority that impacts upon the industry; and the industry itself is said to have engaged in certain self-policing activities.,M. Maureen Murphy, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division,CRS 87-219 A,"February 18, 1987.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

The Tax Reform Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-514) was signed into law on October 22, 1986. This report provides a brief chronology of the Act, a summary of the major changes in individual and business taxation, and a side-by-side comparison of the major individual and business tax provisions of the Act as they compare to prior law. The report also includes an extensive listing of CRS products that treat many issues relating to the Tax Reform Act of 1986 in greater detail.,Chronology of the Tax Reform Act -- Major Changes in Individual Taxation -- Major Changes in Business Taxation -- Table 1: Provisions Affecting Individuals -- Table 2: Provisions Affecting Business -- Reports and Congressional Document -- Additional Reference Sources.,Stacey M. Kean, Analyst in Government Finance and David L. Brumbaugh, Analyst in Public Finance, Economics Division,CRS 87-231 E,"April 15, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Frederich H. Pauls, Senior Specialist in American National Government and Paul E. Dwyer, Specialist in American National Government, Government Division,CRS 86-1051 GOVnn"December 29, 1986."nnSuDoc 14. 18/3

This Editorial commentary presents selected editorials on the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, which authorized a five-year Superfund. The editorials, which present recent views from over 25 states, are arranged in chronological order. Most discuss reauthorization of Superfund; both the House of Representatives and the Senate and passed bills, but the bills differ considerably. An information sheet giving key dates and facts about Superfund precedes the editorials.

This paper describes the provisions of P.L. 99-177 ("Gramm-Rudman-Hollings") that pertain to Federal civil service employees and retirees.,Carolyn Merck, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 86-502 EPW,"January 2, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act protects most workers aged 40 through 69 against employment discrimination on account of age. Various issues under the Act are pending before the Supreme Court, in the executive branch regulatory process and in Congress. These include whether and how retirement ages for State and local public safety officers ought to be subject to current ADEA provisions; whether the Act's upper age limit of 70 for non-federal workers should be removed, thereby largely eliminating mandatory retirement on account of age; and what requirements the ADEA should impose on pension plans. Issues have also arisen related to other occupational groups-higher education faculty, airline pilots, and high level executives.,Abstract -- The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 as Amended -- Labor Force Participation and Retirement Decisions -- Issue. Upper Age Limit of 70 in the ADEA ; Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty ; State and Local Public Safety Officers ; Exemption for High Level Executives ; ADEA Enforcement Procedures ; Pension Plan Benefits ; Airline Pilots ; Other Legislative Proposals.,Sharon House, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 85-683 EPW,"January 17, 1984."n"Updated April 1, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

While most private pension plans are sufficiently funded, some are seriously underfunded. This paper discusses these issues and the legislative options being studied to address the problems confronting the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) and the optimal funding of private pension plans.

The rising cost and reduced availability of liability insurance in recent years has been a concern for business, government, and consumers. This Editorial Commentary looks at such liability insurance areas as products liability, malpractice, local government liability, and other forms of liability insurance. n n The Editorial Commentary is divided into two sections. The first contains an introductory news article on liability insurance and a chart showing what States have been doing about this problem. The second includes editorials selected from newspapers from all regions of the United States. This section is arranged in reverse chronological order.,News Article Section. Action Set on Liability Insurance (Washington Post) ; What States are Doing (Washington Post) -- Editorial Section. Arkansas Gazette (Little Rock, Ark) ; Atlanta Constitution (Georgia) ; Atlanta Journal (Georgia) ; Chicago Tribune (Illinois) ; Christian Science Monitor (Massachussetts) ; Dallas Times Herald (Texas) ; Detroit Free Press (Michigan) ; Houston Chronicle (Texas) ; Idaho Statesman (Boise, Idaho) ; Minneapolis Star and Tribune (Minnesota) ; New York Times ; Newsday (Long Island, N.Y.) ; Portland Press Herald (Maine) ; Record (Bergen, New Jersey) ; Richmond Times Dispatch (Virginia) ; St. Petersburg Times (Florida) ; Salt Lake Tribune (Utah) ; Star-Ledger (Newark, N.J,) ; Sun (Baltimore, Md.) ; Wall Street Journal ; Washington Post.,CRS 86-631 L,"April 1986",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Charles V. Dale, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division.,CRS 85-720 A,"April 26, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

The report uses published data to chronicle the historical experience of States now offering lotteries. Additional information is provided about suppliers and vendors, and for marketing techniques used by the States. The report also discusses the various organizational structures of lottery administrative agencies and commissions, and considers the effect Federal law and regulation have on State lotteries.,Kevin F. Winch, Specialist in Industry Economics; Bernevia M. McCalip, Analyst in Business and Government Relations ; Gary W. Shorter, Analyst in Business and Government Relations; Mark Jickling, Library Technician, Economics Division; Kent Ronhovde, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division.,CRS 85-520 E,"January 14, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3