The 100th Congress is scheduled to consider legislation to reauthorize the Federal program of aid for the education of disadvantaged children, under chapter 1 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act. This report provides a discussion of a number of possible options for amendment of chapter 1.,Abstract -- Outline of Selected Chapter 1 LEA Grant Reauthorization Options Discussed in this Report -- How Services are Delivered -- What Services are Delivered -- Who is Served -- How Resources are Allocated.,Wayne Riddle, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 86-1032 EPW,"December 12, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

The basic intent of H.R. 2970 is to amend the Packers and Stockyards Act of 1921, as amended (7 U.S.C. 181), to extend the existing jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Packers and Stockyards Administration over the poultry and egg industries. This report gives a brief legislative history of the Packers and Stockyards Act, discusses the major features of the proposed bill, and presents the views of the various groups that would be affected by the proposal if it became law. A side-by-side comparison of current law and H.R. 2970 is attached.,CRS 86-633 ENR,March 25, 1986,SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

The Federal Government administers two weatherization programs designed to assist low-income households reduce the cost of home energy consumption: (1) the Department of Energy (DOE) Weatherization Assistance program and (2) the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Low-Income Home Energy Assistance program (LIHEAP), Weatherization Assistance Component. This paper summarizes the purpose, eligibility criteria, and relevant data and expenditures of these two weatherization programs.,Evelyn Howard and Mary Pilote, Analysts in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division, Updated by Joe Richardson and Mary F. Smith, Specialists in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 87-235 EPW,"May 16, 1985."n"Updated March 19, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Concern has been expressed about the impact various Medicaid rules have on married couples when one member of the couple requires long-term nursing home care and the other spouse remains in the community. A number of bills have been introduced in the 100th Congress to address the impoverishment an elderly spouse in the community may experience as a result of Medicaid rules, when the other spouse becomes eligible for Medicaid as a nursing home patient. This paper compares the provisions of three so-called "spousal impoverishment" bills.,Richard J. Price, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 87-399,"May 1, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This report breifly examines the relationship between selected economic time series and the U.S. business cycle.,This report presents a series of selected economic indicators and their relationship to the U.S. business cycle. Six times series are presented: real Gross National Product (GNP), the M2 measure of the money stock, the civilian unemployment rate, and private domestic nonfinancial debt. Each time series is plotted quarterly beginning in the first quarter of 1948 through the third quarter of 1986. In each case the series are divided into time intervals of roughly equal length. In each chart the business cycle peaks and troughs as indicated. Table 1 below lists the U.S. business cycle reference dates.,Abstract -- Introduction -- Real GNP and M2 -- Inflation and Civilian Unemployment Rates -- Manufacturing Capacity Utilization Rates -- Private Domestic Non-Financial Debt.,Brian W. Cashell, Analyst in Quantitative Economics, Economics Division,CRS 86-1039 E,"December 11, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This report provides the FY 1985 budget authority and the FY 1986 authorizations of appropriations for programs administered by the Department of Education. Where FY 1986 authorizations are not directly or explicitly specified in statute, an FY 1986 authorization level is provided by applying the automatic extension provisions of the General Education Provisions Act.,Angela Evans, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 85-648 EPW,"March 25, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This bibliography lists recent articles, reports, books, and congressional documents on U.S. agricultural trade. The references are annotated and are arranged into three topical sections: the U.S. as an agricultural trading nation; factors affecting agricultural trade; and agricultural trade policy options. The Congressional Research Service bibliographic database was the source of the bibliography.,Abstract -- The United States as an Agricultural Trading Nation -- Factors Affecting Agricultural Trade -- Agricultural Trade Policy Options.,Rebecca Mazur, Bibliographer, Environment and Natural Resources, Library Services Division,CRS 85-568 L,"January 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

In recent years the term "acid rain" has captured the attention of the American public as a possible cause of forest damage and decline. As research progresses, it appears that the adverse impacts of "acid rain" on forest ecosystems are more complex and not as well understood as they generally are for aquatic ecosystems. Different types of air pollution -- including but not limited to precursors of acid deposition -- alone or in combination with stress factors, may pose a wide range of threats to forest ecosystems. This report examines the extent of forest damage and decline in the United States, the dynamics of the forest ecosystem and the major hypotheses put forth by the scientific community to explain the role of air pollutants in forest declines. The report concluded that the forest decline debate must take into account a wider range of pollutants than are usually included in legislative proposals which emphasize sulphur dioxide emissions.,Adela Backiel, Analyst in Natural Resources Policy and Alison L. Holt, Reference Assistant in Natural Resources Policy, Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division,CRS 86-560 ENR,"February 10, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This collection includes statements and addresses by President Reagan from Feburary 2, 1985, through December 31, 1985, on a broad range of topics related to arms control. All are taken from volume 21 of the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents. The date and setting of each are cited, along with the Weekly Compilation issue and page on which the quote can be found. Addresses, announcements, and interviews relating solely to arms control are included in their entirety. Short passages from speeches and interviews are identified as excerpts. Those quotes from White House press releases that were not actually delivered by President Reagan are so identified.,Abstract -- US Security (peace through strength, defense spending, US military modernization, the US-soviet balance) -- The Geneva Negotiations on Nuclear and Space Arms (US goals, US proposals, reactions to Soviet proposals, progress in ongoing negotiations, prospects for success) -- The Strategic Defense Initiative (goals of SDI, SDI and arms control, SDI and the ABM Treaty, allied participation in SDI, Soviet reaction to SDI, Soviet efforts in strategic defense, sharing SDI technology with the Soviet Unition) -- Antisatellite Weapons -- The MX -- Verification and Compliance (the need for effective verification, charges of Soviet noncompliance, US policy on continued compliance with SALT II) -- Nuclear Testing (reaction to the Soviet moratorium, US offer to exchange observers at test sites) -- The Soviet Union (US-Soviet relations, the President's view of the Soviet Union) -- The Reagan-Gorbachev Summit (preparation for the summit, agenda, expectations for the summit, impressions of General Secretary Gorbachev, summit results) -- The Nato Alliance (strength and unity of NATO, US deployment of nuclear weapons on allied territory, US presence in allied countries) -- Multilateral Arms Control (conventional weapons, chemical weapons, confidence building measures) -- Nuclear Nonproliferation (restrant of proliferation, peaceful nuclear cooperation).,Jeanette Voas, Research Assistant, Office of Senior Specialists.,CRS 86-549 S,"February 7, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Homelessness is sometimes the condition of the deinstitutionalized mentally ill, the aged, the voluntarily idle, and the temporarily unemployed; and of runaway youth, destitute families, drug addicts, street beggars and alcoholics--in urban and rural areas. There appears to be no single set of characteristics shared by the homeless except being poor and without housing, and often lacking food and medical care as well. This Editorial Commentary looks at the "problems" of the homeless and those who search for remedies using selected editorials. It also covers actions taken by local and State governments to address the problems.nnThe Editorial Commentary includes an introductory section of newspaper articles on the homeless. It is divided into sections - one focusing on the problem; the other on actions that have been taken to deal with the problem. Both sections are arranged in reverse chronological order. The editorials were selected from the editorial collection maintained by the Library Services Division.,Compiled by Library Services Division.,This editorial commentary was compiled by Saundra Shirley-Reynolds. Ann Eschete was responsible for its production.,CRS 86-525 L,"January 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

CRS 87-216 L,"Received between March 2nd and 13th 1987.","March 13, 1987.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Sheltered workshops serve the dual functions of rehabilitation training facility and employment opportunity for handicapped individuals. The Federal Government certifies sheltered workshops to pay subminimum wages and purchases commodities and services from workshops under a special procurement program. This paper discusses these Federal programs and pending legislation regarding sheltered workshops.,Mary F. Smith, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 85-622 EPW,"March 13, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

The Reagan Administration has requested a $2.2 billion "generic appropriation" to cover a variety of social service programs that have previously been funded by the Congress on a program-specific basis. This paper briefly describes this proposal, presents background information on the programs that would be affected, and discusses possible effects of the proposal.,Carol O'Shaughnessy, Mary Smitth, and Sharon Stephan, Specialists in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division.,CRS 87-210 EPW,"March 9, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

The Supreme Court held in School Board of Nassau County v. Arline that a person with the contagious disease of tuberculosis may be a handicapped individual under section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.,Nancy Lee Jones, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division,CRS 87-238 A,"March 4, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

"Most-favored-nation" (MFN) status entitles the country to which it has been granted to the same advantages that have been extended by granting country to any other country; MFN treatment, consequently, means in fact: nondiscriminatory, equal treatment. The United States extends the MFN treatment in foreign trade to all countries except to most Communist countries. Generally, MFN status can be granted by the United States to Communist country only if the latter's emigration policy is substantially nonrestrictive. Under this procedure, in effect since 1975, MFN status has been extended to Romania, Hungary, and China, which together with the earlier Communist MFN beneficiaries, Poland and Yugoslavia, are the only Communist countries to which the United States accords the MFN status.,What is Most-Favored-Nation Treatment? -- United States MFN Policy in Foreign Trade -- Denial of the MFN Treatment to Communist Countries -- Current Application of the MFN Treatment.,Vladimir N. Pregelj, Specialist in International Trade and Finance, Economics Division,CRS 87-241 E,"March 20, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This paper provides background information on the current proposals that would require all new teachers to pass a national teacher competency test before becoming eligible for internship or certification. In addition to providing an overview of the current proposals, brief discussions are provided about the various problems and experiences with testing programs of other professions such as law, medicine, nursing, and professional engineers. nnCurrent teacher examination practices among the States are summarized, and alternative responses for professional organizations and teacher education institutions are explored. The last sections of this paper address procedural questions, potential impact, and Federal options.,Abstract -- Proposal -- Background -- Admission Examinations for Other Professions -- Current Status in the States -- Alternative Responses -- Procedural Questions -- Impact -- Federal Options.,K. Forbis Jordan, Senior Specialist in Education, Office of Senior Specialists,The report was missing page 27.,CRS 85-731 S,"April 29, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Title IX of the Higher Education Act authorizes funding for graduate education. Institutional grants are authorized for fellowships and program improvement. National graduate fellowships are authorized in the arts, humanities, and social sciences. Programs are authorized to encourage under-represented groups to enter law schools and to encourage law school clinical programs.,Abstract -- Institutional Grants -- Graduate and Professional Opportunity Fellowships -- National Graduate Fellowships -- Legal Training for the Disadvantaged (CLEO) -- Law School Clinical Experience Programs -- National Commission Report -- FY 1986 Budget Proposal -- Program Issues -- Program Options.,K. Forbis Jordan, Senior Specialist in Education, Office of Senior Specialists,CRS 85-624,"March 18, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Among the problems in the U.S. financial system which the 100th Congress will be called on to consider is the financial condition of the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC), the Federal deposit insurance agency for most of the Nation's savings institutions. The number of failed savings institutions has strained the financial resources of the FSLIC. A major issue of immediate importance is how the FSLIC will meet its financial requirements to enable it to deal effectively with savings institutions now known to be in difficulty.

The microthesaurus is a compilation of terms from the Legislative Indexing Vocabulary on employment and labor. While it does not include specific occupations, selected occupational groups are included. These terms may be used in searching the CRS Bibliographic Data Base, the Bill Digest files, and the Major Issues System on SCORPIO.,Shirley Loo, Specialist in Information Control and Automated Systems, Library Sciences Division,CRS 85-1028 L,"October 30, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Wayne Riddle, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division.,CRS 85-596 EPW,"February 28, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3