The current interest in reform of public elementary and secondary schools has resulted in renewed attention being focused on pre-service and in-service training for elementary and secondary school teachers. This paper reviews past and current Federal programs providing such assistance and summarizes current program options.,K. Forbis Jordan, Senior Specialist in Education, Office of Senior Specialists and Nancy B. Borkow, Research Assistant, Office of Senior Specialists.,CRS 85-644 S,"March 25, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This paper focuses on three select groups of children and youth who appear to be "at risk" for depressed educational attainment - those from single-parent families, those from persistently poor families, and those who give birth during their teenage years. It addresses three basic questions: (1) Are these groups of children and youth at risk of depressed educational attainment? (2) How might these characteristics lead to depressed educational attainment? (3) What implications does the current research have for examining Federal responses to the educational needs of these children and youth?,Abstract -- Introduction -- Analytical Summary -- Public Policy and the Education of "At Risk" Children and Youth -- Educational Attainment -- Children from Single-Parent Families. Summary of Findings ; Statistical Overview ; Educational Attainment and Performance -- Children from Persistently Poor Families ; Summary of Findings ; Statistical Overview ; Educational Attainment and Performance -- Childbearing Teenagers. Summary of Findings ; Statistical Overview ; Educational Attainment and Performance -- Conclusion -- Appendix A: Technical Note.,James B. Stedman, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 87-290 EPW,"April 1, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This report discusses the major factors which have made, and continue to make, the comparison of risks from different energy sources a difficult task. In particular, it addresses six areas of fundamental difficulty in making such comparisons. These areas include--portion of the fuel cycle included, technologies to be used, level of technology, assumptions of market penetration and siting, allocations between energy and non-energy risks, and comparing dissimilar risks. The report illustrates the magnitude of the problems of risk comparison by demonstrating the range of results obtained from some of the major energy risk assessments. A compilation of recent major energy risk assessments and energy risk comparisons in both the U.S. and other countries is also included.,Abstract -- Introduction -- Analytical Difficulties. What portions of the Fuel Cycle Are/Should Be Incorporated in the Computation of Total Risk? ; What Technologies Are/Should Be Used to Compute the Risk From Each Source? ; What Level of Technology Should Be Used to Compute Risks for Each Energy Source? ; Should the Same Market Penetration, Siting, and Other Factors be Assumed for Each Technology? ; How Should Risks Be Allocated Between Energy and Non-Energy Sectors ; How Does One Compare Apples and Oranges? -- Conclusion -- Appendix I: References.,Gail H. Marcus, specialist in Science and Technology, Science Policy Research Division,CRS 85-730 SPR,"May 2, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This paper summarizes the final report of the Study Group on the Conditions of Excellence in American Higher Education. The report was released in October 1984 and represents the first of several studies on higher education quality that are anticipated over the next 18 months. The Study Group consisted of seven members appointed by the Director of the National Institute of Education.,David S. Osman, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 85-506 EPW,"December 28, 1984.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This report compares the potential economic effects of several tax reform and deficit reduction proposals on the State-local sector, through their treatment of deductibility of State-local taxes from Federal taxable income and the exemption of interest on State-local bonds. The proposals considered are the Treasury, Kemp-Kasten, Bradley-Gephardt, DeConcini, and Quayle tax reform plans, and the floor and ceiling deductibility proposals for deficit reduction. Among the more important conclusions are that these proposals would differ in their potential effects on the State-local sector's own tax revenues and the distribution of the sector's revenue losses across States. Also, the effect on the State-local bond market from the Treasury, Bradley-Gephardt, and Kemp-Kasten proposals would differ from the effect of the DeConcini and Quayle proposals.,Dennis Zimmerman, Specialist in Public Finance, Economics Division,CRS 85-503 E,"January 18, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This illustrative collection of editorials is taken from newspapers monitored by CRS. The sources look at the controversy surrounding the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings amendment to the debt limit increase for the purpose of reducing budget deficits and balancing the budget by 1991. An introductory section contains newspaper articles presenting press coverage on the issue. The articles and editorials are arranged chronologically, with the most recent dates appearing first. [Current Editorial CE79 on budget deficits is also available; it includes editorials on this topic received in Library Services since November 1, 1985.],Felix Chin, Senior Bibliographer, Economics, Library Services Division,CRS 85-1029 L,"October 1985.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

This paper presents the potential implications funding reductions might have for selected programs administered by the Department of Education. Also included is data on program funding levels since FY 1980 adjusted for inflation, the estimated number of recipients, the estimated Federal share of financing the program, and the types of services provided and activities supported by these programs.,Angela M. Evans, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division.,CRS 85-521 EPW,"January 14, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Karen J. Lewis, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division,CRS 85-664 A,"March 11, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This report traces the major Medicare amendments which have effected hospitals, physicians, and beneficiaries since 1980. It also reviews the major Medicaid amendments affecting Federal financial participation in the program, coverage of pregnant mothers and children, as well as those amendments designed to give States increased flexibility in administering their programs. Lastly, the report describes the consolidation of Federal health service programs for mothers and children under a new block grant authority.,Janet Kline, Jennifer O'Sullivan, Specialists in Social Legislation and Joseph A. Cislowski, Analyst in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 87-296 EPW,"April 3, 1987.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

John E. Blodgett, Claudia Copeland, Specialists; James Aidala, Donald Feliciano, Maria Grimes, Joan Hartmann, Martin Lee, Mark Reisch, Analysts, Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division,CRS 85-517 ENR,"January 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Thomas M. Durbin, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division,CRS 85-857 A,"June 19, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Karen J. Lewis, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division,CRS 85-725 A,"April 25, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Introduction -- Caselaw on the Right to Refuse Treatment. Introduction ; Rennie v. Klein ; Mills v. Rogers ; Judicial Decisions Since Rennie and Rogers -- Summary.,Nancy Lee Jones, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division.,CRS 85-548 A,"January 24, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

CRS 85-697 EPW,"April 12, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

A range of energy tax alternatives are discussed in this report. These tax alternatives cover the recent proposals for taxing energy to raise Treasury revenue and to achieve other energy policy goals. Each is evaluated in the context of various measures of economic impacts, varying from regional to macroeconomic, from ease of administration to income distribution.,CRS 86-630 ENR,March 24, 1986,SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Charles Davis, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division,CRS 85-661 A,"March 4, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

This report analyses some of the available data to identify some of the reasons for the "crisis" of affordability and availability of the General Liability category of commercial insurance. Four possible reasons are identified: while there have apparently been dramatic increases in premium rates, premium income in the General Liability category is rising slowly relative to losses; insurers are writing less of these lines in comparison with other lines; the high and rising cost of litigation; and the relatively sharp swings in under- writing experience. These explanations do not necessarily cover the broad spectrum of and interaction between the legal, social, and other factors influencing the General Liability insurance market.,CRS 86-628 E,April 18, 1986,SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

When a witness before a congressional committee asserts his fifth amendment privilege against self-incrimination, the committee may obtain a court order which compels him to testify and grants him immunity against the use of his testimony and information derived from that testimony in a subsequent criminal prosecution. He may still be prosecuted on the basis of other evidence.,Jay R. Shampansky, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division,CRS 86-1026 A,"December 10, 1986.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Karen J. Lewis, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division,CRS 85-662 A,"March 11, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3

Introduction -- HR 1, Housing Act of 1985 -- HR 770, Homeless Assistance Act of 1985 -- HR 1422, Homeless Persons Housing and Supportive Services Act of 1985 -- HR 1479, (amends the Public Health Service regarding community mental health grants) -- HR 1526, Homeless Emergency Relief Act of 1985 -- HR 1669, National Endowment for the Homeless Act -- HR 1774, Housing for the Handicapped Act of 1985 -- HR 2410, Health Professions Educational Assistance Amendments of 1985 -- S 394, Homeless Housing Assistance Act of 1985 -- S 739, National Endowment for the Homeless Act, S 1142, Domestic Food Assistance Act.,Sharon House, Coordinator, Education and Public Welfare Division,CRS 85-831 EPW,"July 5, 1985.",SuDoc# 14. 18/3