Citizens, business leaders, and school officials are promoting increased private sector support for public elementary and secondary schools. Current efforts include volunteer programs, education foundations, donation of equipment, and joint staffing. These efforts serve to supplement tax funds for schools rather than provide a substitute for adequate financing of schools.,Abstract -- Background -- Volunteer Programs in Public Schools -- Adopt-A-School Programs -- Local School Foundations -- Statewide Foundations -- Donation of Equipment -- Joint Employment of Teachers -- Use of Non-School Employees as Teachers -- Observations -- Pros and Cons -- Federal Responses.,K. Forbis Jordan, Senior Specialist in Education, Office of Senior Specialists.,CRS 83-626 S,"December 2, 1983.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Richard W. Dunford is an Associate Professor in the Department of Agricultural Economics at Washington State University (Pullman). He has written extensively on rural land use problems, conflicts, and policies. This report was prepared for the Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division of the Congressional Research Service in the Library of Congress (Washington, D.C.) in partial fulfillment of contract 83-30.,This overview of the complex farmland retention issue begins with a reveiew of recent empirical evidence on farmland conversion trends. Concerns associated with farmland conversion are then presented and analyzed. State and local farmland retention efforts are summarized in the third section. Finally, Federal farmland retention efforts to date are examined.,Executive Summary -- Introduction -- Farmland Conversion Trends. Recent Empirical Evidence ; Future Prospects ; Summary -- Farmland Conversion Concerns and Analysis. Food and Fiber Concerns ; Other Concerns ; Summary -- State and Local Farmland Retention Efforts. State Programs ; Local Programs ; Integrated Programs ; Summary -- Federal Farmland Retention Efforts. Executive Efforts ; Legislative Efforts ; Farmland Protection Policy Act ; Recent Developments ; Summary -- Bibliography -- Appendix I: Content of Recent Books on Farmland Use, Conversion, or Retention -- Appendix II: Review of NALS Data on Farmland Conversion and Criticisms of These Data -- Appendix III: Text of the Farmland Protection Policy Act.,CRS 83-635 ENR,"December 9, 1983.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Life care communities are designed for elderly persons and provide housing, nursing home care, and a range of services, usually for the remainder of the resident's life. This paper describes life care communities, discusses some demographic characteristics of life care residents, and summarizes financial arrangements and pricing policies used by life care providers. It also discusses problems that have risen in some life care communities, and Federal and State legislative and other Federal activities related to life care communities.,Abstract -- Introduction -- Characteristics of Life Care Communities -- Characteristics of Residents -- Fees and Related Federal Tax Provisions -- Financial Management, Operating Practices, and Issues -- State and Federal Legislation -- Summary -- Bibliography.,CRS 85-1127 EPW,"December 23, 1985.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Balanced Budget and Deficit Reduction Act (commonly known as Gramm-Rudman) calls for a balanced Federal budget by 1991. This Editorial Commentary looks at how Federal spending reductions may be achieved. It also includes comments on how the process for providing automatic budget reductions will effect the balance of power between the executive and legislative branches in the years when Congress cannot agree. nThe Editorial Commentary is divided into two sections. The first contains newspaper articles focusing on the passage of Gramm-Rudman and its impact. The second includes editorials selected from the editorial collection maintained by Library Services Division. Both sections are arranged in reverse chronological order.,CRS 85-1131 L,"January 1986.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

This paper presents an analysis of the current teacher workforce and the factors that affect teacher quality. Issues discussed include teacher labor market trends, teacher preparation and recommendations for change, recruitment and selection factors, and attrition and retention rates. Final comments address Federal policy options in this area.,The Teaching Workforce: Selected Demographic Characteristics -- Teacher Supply and Demand. Regional and Subject Area Shortages -- Teacher Quality. Recruitment and Selection Factors ; Retention and Attrition Rates ; Teacher Preparation ; Change in Education Programs -- Conclusion -- Federal Policy Options.,CRS 83-577 S,"November 7, 1983.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Specific groups in the Nation's work force experience employment difficulties even in good economic times. The Labor Section of the Economics Division in the Congressional Research Service in analyzing labor market problems of these groups which include youth, women, older workers, adult nonwhites, Hispanics, and dislocated workers. This overview report summarizes the principal labor market characteristics and problems of these groups. A separate report focusing on dislocated workers is available and individual reports on other groups are in preparation.,Introduction -- Youth -- Women -- Adult Nonwhites -- Hispanics -- Older Workers -- Dislocated Workers -- Geographical and Skill Mismatch -- Education and Work.,CRS 83-631 E,"December 19, 1983.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

Pursuant to P.L 88-246, the Congressional Research Service has compiled a preliminary, annotated bibliography on the 1984-85 National High School Debate topic - "How Can the Federal Government Best Decrease Poverty in the United States?": nResolved: that the Federal Government should guarantee a minimum annual cash income to all United States citizens. nResolved: that the Federal Government should adopt a negative income tax to assist all United States citizens living in poverty. nResolved: that the Federal Government should provide employment for all employable United States citizens living in poverty. nThis bibliography is designed to facilitate early research preparation for the debators by providing pertinent citations to materials related to the topic and propositions.,Abstract -- General Background Sources -- Debate Proposition One: That the Federal Government Should Guarantee a Minimum Annual Cash Income to All United States Citizens -- Debate Proposition Two: That the Federal Government Should Adopt a Negative Income Tax to Assist All United States Citizens Living in Poverty -- Debate Proposition Three: That the Federal Government Should Provide Employment for All Employable United States Citizens Living in Property.,Marsha Cerny, Senior Bibliographer, Library Services Division, and Joe Richardson, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division.,CRS 84-49 EPW,"March 23, 1984.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

In 1981 President Reagan instituted a strategy for economic revitalization which was a major departure from the economic policies followed by previous administrations. In essence, the program sought to reduce substantially the economic burdens of Government spending, taxation, and regulation in order to create an economic environment that would reduce inflation and interest rates, revive incentives for Americans to work harder, spur greater savings, and revive and greatly increase business investment. This paper reviews and analyzes the results of the Reagan Administration's economic strategy thus far.

The Emergency School Aid Act (ESAA) was the primary source of Federal financial assistance supporting school districts' desegregation efforts until its repeal in 1982. Its activities were included in an education block grant. This paper reviews the provisions of ESAA prior to its repeal, delineates the impact of its repeal and consolidation in the block grant, and describes current legislative action seeking to reestablish ESAA in a modified form.

This report summarizes basic eligibility rules, as of May 1983, for more than 70 cash and non-cash programs that benefit primarily persons of limited income. It also gives funding formulas, benefit levels, and, for fiscal years 1979-1981, recipient numbers and expenditure data for each program.,CRS 83-110 EPW,"June 6, 1983.",SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3